Amomum subulatum (Amomum subulatum): Benefits, Dosage, Safety & Evidence

Questions fréquentes

How does Amomum subulatum work for digestion?

Amomum subulatum works primarily through its volatile oil compounds, particularly 1,8-cineole and terpineol. These compounds stimulate digestive enzyme secretion, enhance gastric motility, and produce carminative effects that help relieve gas and bloating. The flavonoids present may contribute additional anti-inflammatory benefits to the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence level C supports these mechanisms, based on pharmacological studies and traditional use rather than extensive clinical trials.

Does large cardamom interact with any medications?

Amomum subulatum has limited documented drug interactions. Due to its effects on gastric motility and digestive enzyme activity, it may theoretically alter the absorption rate of orally administered medications. Patients taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs should exercise caution, as flavonoids in Amomum subulatum may have mild blood-thinning properties. Those with gallstones should avoid this herb entirely. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining with prescription medications.

What is the recommended dosage of Amomum subulatum?

The typical adult dosage of Amomum subulatum is 0.5-1.5 grams of ground seeds taken twice daily. This can be consumed as a powder mixed with warm water, added to food as a culinary spice, or prepared as an herbal tea. Traditional preparations often use whole seeds that can be chewed or crushed before use. Evidence for this dosage range is rated level C, based on traditional use and pharmacological studies rather than controlled clinical trials.

Is Amomum subulatum safe during pregnancy?

Amomum subulatum is generally considered safe during pregnancy when consumed in normal culinary amounts. However, high medicinal doses should be avoided due to insufficient safety data at therapeutic levels. The herb has a long history of use in Indian and Nepali cuisine without reported adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider before using concentrated supplements or therapeutic doses of this herb.

What are the benefits of large cardamom for digestion?

Amomum subulatum has been traditionally used for digestive complaints including indigestion, gas, bloating, and loss of appetite. Its volatile oils, particularly 1,8-cineole, act as carminatives that relieve intestinal gas and promote comfortable digestion. The herb stimulates digestive enzyme secretion and may improve overall gastric motility. Evidence level C supports these uses, based on traditional knowledge and preliminary pharmacological research. It is commonly consumed after meals in South Asian cultures.

Can Amomum subulatum help with cough and respiratory issues?

Amomum subulatum has been used in traditional medicine for coughs, colds, and respiratory complaints. The 1,8-cineole and camphor content provides expectorant and mild bronchodilatory effects, helping to clear mucus and ease breathing. Traditional practitioners in the Himalayan region use it for fevers accompanied by respiratory symptoms. Evidence level C supports this application, derived from traditional use and the known pharmacological properties of its volatile oil compounds rather than clinical trials.

Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed

Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.

Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b

Résumé

Amomum subulatum, known as black or large cardamom, is a culinary spice and medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties [PMID:41788440, PMID:35638531].

Contexte

Amomum subulatum Roxb. is an economically important cash crop native to the Himalayan regions of India and Southeast Asia [PMID:38066028, PMID:31989006]. It is a member of the Zingiberaceae family [PMID:31989006].

Usages traditionnels

In folklore and Ayurvedic medicine, it is used to treat cancer, lung conditions (cough, lung congestion, pulmonary tuberculosis), snake and scorpion bites, teeth problems, throat ailments, eyelid inflammation, and digestive disorders [PMID:34968666, PMID:41788440]. It is also used in the Unani system of medicine for gastrointestinal disorders [PMID:11297839] and to improve cardiac health [PMID:35638531].

Composés actifs

The plant contains bioactive secondary metabolites including flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and essential oils [PMID:37152127, PMID:35638531, PMID:37206196]. Specific identified compounds include cardamonin, alpinetin [PMID:959382, PMID:22149093], and carvacrol [PMID:37152127]. Essential oils from seeds and rinds are dominated by monoterpenoids such as 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and alpha-terpineol [PMID:23074918, PMID:23023817].

Mécanisme d'action

Amomum subulatum acts by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms and regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 [PMID:35609850, PMID:34250612]. It has been shown to enhance the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes [PMID:3665567 la], regulate the HO-1 pathway [PMID:33399519], and target the TP53 protein in cancer cells [PMID:37206196].

Preuves cliniques

Preuve BCognitive Function (Focus/Alertness)

A full-spectrum aqueous extract (250 mg) significantly improved focus, alertness, and executive function in healthy working-class adults [PMID:42027681].

Preuve DHypertension (Animal Model)

Aqueous extract significantly decreased Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats, with the maximum reduction (40%) observed at 30 mg/kg [PMID:35638531].

Preuve DRadiation-Induced Toxicity (Animal Model)

Methanolic extract (MEAS) mitigated total body irradiation-induced oxidative stress, hematopoietic damage, and radiation-induced esophagitis and lung injury [PMID:35609850, PMID:37986451, PMID:36655677].

Preuve DMethotrexate-Induced Toxicity (Animal Model)

MEAS reduced hepatic, renal, and pulmonary toxicities by enhancing antioxidant status and reducing proinflammatory cytokines [PMID:34250612].

Preuve DLung Cancer (In Vitro)

Fruit extracts exhibit apoptotic activity against lung cancer cells [PMID:34968666].

Preuve D

Synthèse des preuves

The evidence consists primarily of in vitro studies and animal models (Level D) demonstrating potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and radioprotective effects. There is one clinical trial (Level B) suggesting nootropic benefits in humans.

Sources PubMed

1.PMID: 34968666 (2022) — Black cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) fruit extracts exhibit apoptotic activity against lung cancer cells. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
2.PMID: 38066028 (2023) — Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya. · Scientific reports
3.PMID: 35609850 (2022) — Amomum subulatum mitigates total body irradiation-induced oxidative stress and its associated inflammatory response by enhancing the antioxidant status and regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines. · The Journal of nutritional biochemistry
4.PMID: 34250612 (2022) — Antioxidant-rich fraction of Amomum subulatum fruits mitigates experimental methotrexate-induced oxidative stress by regulating TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines. · Journal of food biochemistry
5.PMID: 37152127 (2023)

Amomum subulatum

Sources et citations

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