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BP
Not CommonVérifié
Birch Polypore
Fomitopsis betulina
Cicatrisation des plaies dans la tradition européenne ancienne (découvertes d'Otzi)
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Fomitopsis betulina (formerly Piptoporus betulinus) is a wood-rotting basidiomycete fungus with a long history of use in folk medicine for its antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties [PMID:28378220].
Contexte
Fomitopsis betulina is a macrofungus that causes brown rot of birch wood in the northern hemisphere [PMID:28378220]. It is known as the 'Iceman's fungus' because pieces of its fruiting body were carried by Ötzi the Iceman [PMID:28378220, PMID:30806295].
Usages traditionnels
In central European folk medicine, it has been used to treat cancer, rheumatism, coughs, pyretic diseases, bladder disorders, haemorrhoids, and dysmenorrhoea [PMID:24786572]. It has also been traditionally applied as an antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory agent [PMID:28378220].
Composés actifs
Bioactive compounds include triterpenoids (such as lanostane-type triterpene acids, piptolinic acids, and polyporenic acids) [PMID:28378220, PMID:30362364, PMID:28800422], polysaccharides (including alpha- and beta-glucans) [PMID:39330376, PMID:30177176], phenols, gallic acid, quinic acid, and polyamines such as spermidine, spermine, and putrescine [PMID:39330376, PMID:41422539]. Betulin is also identified as an active compound in ethanolic extracts [PMID:36430391].
Mécanisme d'action
Extracts and specific compounds have demonstrated the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells [PMID:31440877]. Certain lanostane-type triterpene acids suppress TPA-induced edema [PMID:12932134], and specific hydroquinones act as matrix metallo-proteinase inhibitors [PMID:12596882].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve DCancer (various cell lines)
Methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts exhibit selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells (including prostate, melanoma, lung, and colorectal) while showing minimal impact on healthy cells [PMID:39512529, PMID:39408283, PMID:36430391, PMID:22181840].
Preuve DInflammation
Lanostane-type triterpene acids suppressed TPA-induced edema on mouse ears by 49-86% [PMID:12932134].
Preuve DImmune Response
Water and methanol extracts did not induce significant apoptosis or necrosis of T cells and monocytes, nor did they significantly alter T-cell activation or dendritic cell maturation [PMID:30806295].
Preuve DCardiovascular Parameters
Acute and subchronic (14 days) oral administration of crude ethanolic extract, fractions, and stigmasterol did not alter mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or renal blood flow in normotensive male Wistar rats [PMID:28605341].
Sécurité et effets indésirables
In vitro studies indicate selective cytotoxicity, with extracts showing low cytotoxicity toward normal human skin fibroblasts and normal colon epithelium cells [PMID:36430391, PMID:22181840]. In vivo rat models showed no alteration of cardiovascular parameters after subchronic oral administration [PMID:28605341].
Synthèse des preuves
The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro cell culture studies and preclinical animal models (Level D), demonstrating potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, though human clinical trials are lacking.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 28378220 (2017) — Fomitopsis betulina (formerly Piptoporus betulinus): the Iceman's polypore fungus with modern biotechnological potential. · World journal of microbiology & biotechnology
2.PMID: 39512529 (2024) — Cytotoxic activity of Fomitopsis betulina against normal and cancer cells - a comprehensive literature review. · Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)
3.PMID: 39330376 (2024) — Secondary Metabolites of Fomitopsis betulina: Chemical Structures, Biological Activity and Application Prospects. · Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
4.PMID: 30806295 (2018) — Effects of Birch Polypore Mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus (Agaricomycetes), the "Iceman's Fungus", on Human Immune Cells. · International journal of medicinal mushrooms
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
— European medicinal polypores--a modern view on traditional uses.
· Journal of ethnopharmacology
6.PMID: 36430391 (2022) — Effects of Piptoporus betulinus Ethanolic Extract on the Proliferation and Viability of Melanoma Cells and Models of Their Cell Membranes. · International journal of molecular sciences
7.PMID: 41422539 (2025) — Bioactive fingerprint of Fomitopsis betulina: linking polyamines, phenolics, and functional activities. · Natural product research
8.PMID: 28605341 (2017) — Preclinical Assessment of Cardiovascular Alterations Induced by Birch Polypore Mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus (Agaricomycetes). · International journal of medicinal mushrooms
9.PMID: 39408283 (2024) — Mushroom against Cancer: Aqueous Extract of Fomitopsis betulina in Fight against Tumors. · Nutrients
10.PMID: 22181840 (2011) — Investigation of antiproliferative effect of ether and ethanol extracts of birch polypore medicinal mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.:Fr.) P. Karst. (higher Basidiomycetes) in vitro grown mycelium. · International journal of medicinal mushrooms
11.PMID: 26854098 (2015) — Did the Iceman Know Better? Screening of the Medicinal Properties of the Birch Polypore Medicinal Mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus (Higher Basidiomycetes). · International journal of medicinal mushrooms
12.PMID: 30362364 (2019) — Piptolinic acids F-J, five new lanostane-type triterpenoids from Piptoporus betulinus. · Natural product research
13.PMID: 31440877 (2019) — Antitumour effect of glucooligosaccharides obtained via hydrolysis of α-(1 → 3)-glucan from Fomitopsis betulina. · Molecular biology reports
14.PMID: 33166752 (2021) — Cytotoxic triterpenoids and triterpene sugar esters from the medicinal mushroom Fomitopsis betulina. · Phytochemistry
15.PMID: 12932134 (2003) — Anti-inflammatory lanostane-type triterpene acids from Piptoporus betulinus. · Journal of natural products
16.PMID: 28800422 (2017) — Cytotoxic lanostane triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinus. · Phytochemistry
17.PMID: 12596882 (2002) — Novel hydroquinone as a matrix metallo-proteinase inhibitor from the mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus. · Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry
18.PMID: 30177176 (2018) — Simple and effective purification approach to dissociate mixed water-insoluble α- and β-D-glucans and its application on the medicinal mushroom Fomitopsis betulina. · Carbohydrate polymers