Enoki Mushroom (Flammulina filiformis): Benefits, Dosage, Safety & Evidence

Questions fréquentes

How does Enoki mushroom work in the body?

Enoki mushroom contains bioactive compounds including beta-glucans, polysaccharides, and proteins like flammulin that modulate immune function. These compounds appear to stimulate immune cell activity, including natural killer cells and macrophages. Beta-glucans bind to immune cell receptors, potentially enhancing the body's defense responses. Research also suggests antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties from ergosterol and other constituents. Evidence level: C (preliminary studies).

Does Enoki mushroom interact with any medications?

Enoki mushroom has no well-documented drug interactions when consumed as food. However, concentrated extracts may theoretically interact with immunosuppressive medications due to their immune-stimulating properties. Individuals taking corticosteroids, cyclosporine, or other immunosuppressants should exercise caution with Enoki supplements. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining medicinal mushroom extracts with prescription medications. Evidence level: C/Theoretical.

How much Enoki mushroom should I take for immune support?

As a food, Enoki mushrooms can be eaten freely as part of a balanced diet. For standardized extracts aimed at immune support, typical recommendations suggest 500mg to 1 gram daily. Fresh or dried mushrooms should always be thoroughly cooked before consumption to neutralize flammutoxin, a heat-sensitive compound. Consult a qualified healthcare practitioner for personalized dosing when using concentrated extracts. Evidence level: Traditional/C.

Is Enoki mushroom safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Enoki mushroom is considered safe to consume during pregnancy and breastfeeding when eaten as a thoroughly cooked food. The mushroom has a long history of use in East Asian cuisine without reported adverse effects in pregnant populations. However, medicinal extracts and supplements have not been specifically studied in pregnant women, so pregnant individuals should stick to culinary amounts and consult their healthcare provider before using concentrated products. Evidence level: Traditional.

Why should you not eat raw Enoki mushrooms?

Raw Enoki mushrooms contain flammutoxin, a heat-sensitive protein that can cause gastrointestinal upset, nausea, and diarrhea. This compound is destroyed by thorough cooking, making cooked Enoki mushrooms safe for consumption. Always cook Enoki mushrooms before eating to neutralize this naturally occurring toxin. People with autoimmune conditions should also use caution with concentrated extracts, as immune-stimulating effects may theoretically worsen their condition. Evidence level: C.

Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed

Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.

Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b

Résumé

Enoki mushroom (Flammulina filiformis/velutipes) is a commercially important edible fungus recognized for its nutritional value and various bioactive compounds [PMID:30685812, PMID:35887449].

Contexte

Also known as Enokitake, velvet shank, or golden needle mushroom, Flammulina filiformis (previously Flammulina velutipes) is a widely cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom in East Asia [PMID:30685812, PMID:28003804, PMID:39741595].

Composés actifs

Bioactive constituents include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, glycoproteins, phenols, sesquiterpenes (such as flammuterpenols A-D), and adenosine [PMID:28003804, PMID:39321853, PMID:37432279]. Stem waste is a source of protein (13.5%), ash (8.2%), total phenolics (6.3 mg GAE/g), and dietary fiber (32.3%) [PMID:32260391].

Mécanisme d'action

Adenosine found in enokitake may affect testosterone production by enhancing Leydig cell function [PMID:37432279]. Cuparene-type sesquiterpenes have demonstrated neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in vitro [PMID:39321853].

Preuves cliniques

Preuve DTestosterone production (impaired/fatigued models)

Administration of enokitake ethanolic extract or adenosine increased testosterone production in cisplatin-impaired and wet floor fatigue mouse models [PMID:37432279]

Preuve CGeneral Health/Therapeutic Effects

Reported degrees of immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, and antitumor effects [PMID:9110582]; other reviews cite anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory activities [PMID:28003804]

Sécurité et effets indésirables

Enokitake may contain flammutoxin, a heat-labile cardiotoxic protein [PMID:31018285]. Rare cases of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis have been reported, with identified allergens including protein bands at 18 kDa, 39 kDa, 50 kDa, and 75 kDa [PMID:25779064, PMID:29249758]. Additionally, raw enoki mushrooms are considered high-risk vectors for Listeria monocytogenes contamination [PMID:38701973, PMID:36914348].

Synthèse des preuves

Evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies, animal models (mice), and case reports of allergic reactions, with some general review articles on nutritional and medicinal properties. There is a lack of high-level human clinical trials.

Sources PubMed

1.PMID: 30685812 (2019) — Agronomic and environmental factors affecting cultivation of the winter mushroom or Enokitake: achievements and prospects. · Applied microbiology and biotechnology
2.PMID: 32260391 (2020) — Application of Enoki Mushroom (Flammulina Velutipes) Stem Wastes as Functional Ingredients in Goat Meat Nuggets. · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
3.PMID: 9110582 (1996) — Functional properties of edible mushrooms. · Nutrition reviews
4.PMID: 38701973 (2024) — Listeria monocytogenes Contamination Leads to Survival and Growth During Enoki Mushroom Cultivation. · Journal of food protection
5.PMID: 36983498 (2023) — Development of Multiple Nucleotide Polymorphism Molecular Markers for Enoki Mushroom (Flammulina filiformis) Cultivars Identification. · Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

Enoki Mushroom

Sources et citations

Calculer une dose sûre de Enoki Mushroom

Za'atar

Chamerion Angustifolium

Annona Senegalensis

Questions fréquentes

Résumé

Contexte

Composés actifs

Mécanisme d'action

Preuves cliniques

Sécurité et effets indésirables

Synthèse des preuves

Sources PubMed

Sources gouvernementales

Enoki Mushroom

Sources et citations

Calculer une dose sûre de Enoki Mushroom

Plantes associées

Za'atar

Chamerion Angustifolium

Annona Senegalensis

Questions fréquentes

Résumé

Contexte

Composés actifs

Mécanisme d'action

Preuves cliniques

Sécurité et effets indésirables

Synthèse des preuves

Sources PubMed

Sources gouvernementales