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Gelsemium elegans
Poisonous vine of Southeast Asia used in TCM in minute controlled doses for pain and cancer treatment.
Gelsemium elegans is a highly toxic climbing vine native to Southeast Asia, used in traditional Chinese medicine (Gou Wen) for pain and skin cancer in minute, controlled doses. Its primary active compounds include gelsemine, humantenmine, gelsenicine, and koumine, which have demonstrated analgesic and anticancer alkaloid properties in research. Due to its extreme toxicity, its use is restricted to pharmaceutical settings under strict supervision.
The alkaloids of Gelsemium elegans act primarily as glycine receptor antagonists and GABA receptor modulators, leading to inhibition of spinal reflexes and potential analgesic effects. Gelsemine and koumine have been shown to modulate voltage-gated sodium channels and interact with opioid receptors, contributing to pain relief. However, these mechanisms also underlie its neurotoxicity, causing paralysis and respiratory depression at higher doses.
Poisonous vine of Southeast Asia used in TCM in minute controlled doses for pain and cancer treatment.
Gelsemium elegans is a highly toxic climbing vine native to Southeast Asia, used in traditional Chinese medicine (Gou Wen) for pain and skin cancer in minute, controlled doses. Its primary active compounds include gelsemine, humantenmine, gelsenicine, and koumine, which have demonstrated analgesic and anticancer alkaloid properties in research. Due to its extreme toxicity, its use is restricted to pharmaceutical settings under strict supervision.
The alkaloids of Gelsemium elegans act primarily as glycine receptor antagonists and GABA receptor modulators, leading to inhibition of spinal reflexes and potential analgesic effects. Gelsemine and koumine have been shown to modulate voltage-gated sodium channels and interact with opioid receptors, contributing to pain relief. However, these mechanisms also underlie its neurotoxicity, causing paralysis and respiratory depression at higher doses.