Glaucium flavum (Glaucium flavum): Benefits, Dosage, Safety & Evidence

Questions fréquentes

How does Glaucium flavum work as a cough suppressant?

Glaucium flavum contains glaucine, an aporphine alkaloid that acts as both a bronchodilator and antitussive agent. Glaucine works by inhibiting the cough reflex through central nervous system effects and by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle. It also demonstrates mild anti-inflammatory properties. The bronchodilatory effect helps open airways, making breathing easier during respiratory conditions like bronchitis and asthma. Evidence level: C.

Does Glaucium flavum interact with any medications?

Glaucium flavum may interact with central nervous system depressants, including sedatives, benzodiazepines, and alcohol, potentially enhancing their sedative effects. Due to glaucine's mechanism of action, it may also interact with other cough suppressants or bronchodilator medications. Individuals taking MAO inhibitors should avoid this herb. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining with prescription medications. Evidence level: C/Traditional.

What is the recommended dosage for Glaucium flavum?

Pharmaceutical preparations containing isolated glaucine typically recommend 40mg taken three times daily for adults. Traditional herbal preparations vary widely in glaucine concentration, making standardized dosing difficult to establish. There is insufficient clinical evidence to determine safe dosing for whole-plant preparations. Always follow product-specific instructions and consult a qualified healthcare practitioner for personalized guidance. Evidence level: C.

Is Glaucium flavum safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Glaucium flavum is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The glaucine content poses potential risks to fetal development and may pass into breast milk. Additionally, the herb's potential psychedelic effects at higher doses present significant safety concerns for maternal and infant health. Women who are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding should avoid this herb entirely. Evidence level: C/Traditional.

What are the side effects of Glaucium flavum?

Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, and mild dizziness. At higher doses, glaucine can cause hallucinations and psychedelic effects due to its aporphine alkaloid content. Individuals with anxiety disorders should avoid this herb as it may exacerbate symptoms. Overdose can lead to more severe neurological effects. Discontinue use if adverse reactions occur and seek medical attention. Evidence level: C/Traditional.

Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed

Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.

Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b

Résumé

Glaucium flavum is a perennial herb from the Papaveraceae family known for its diverse isoquinoline alkaloids with reported anti-cancer and anti-cholinesterase activities [PMID:34454171, PMID:38415909].

Contexte

Glaucium flavum (yellow-horned poppy) is a short-lived perennial herb found in coastal habitats, including the Mediterranean region and southern Spain [PMID:21168338, PMID:25272947]. It is capable of surviving in high-salinity environments typical of sea water [PMID:21168338].

Usages traditionnels

In Algerian folk medicine, G. flavum is used to treat warts (benign tumors) [PMID:24317429, PMID:23860409].

Composés actifs

The plant contains various isoquinoline alkaloids, primarily of the aporphine type [PMID:20552526, PMID:25272947]. Key compounds include glaucine (major in aerial parts/seeds), protopine (major in roots), isocorydine, dihydrosanguinarine, dehydroglaucine, and bocconoline [PMID:38415909, PMID:24317429, PMID:7437484]. Other reported alkaloids include dicentrine, bulbocapnine, salutaridine, and O-methylflavinantine [PMID:874792, PMID:932983].

Mécanisme d'action

Alkaloids from the genus Glaucium have demonstrated anti-cholinesterase effects [PMID:34454171, PMID:38415909]. Root extracts have been shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation by inducing G2/M phase cycle arrest and apoptosis [PMID:23860409].

Preuves cliniques

Preuve DCancer (Breast and Glioma)

Root alkaloid extracts inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and reduced growth and vascularization of human glioma tumors in vivo (chicken CAM model) [PMID:23860409, PMID:24317429].

Preuve CCough

Glaucine is used as a therapeutic cough suppressant in Bulgaria and other countries [PMID:23303745].

Preuve DBacterial Infections

Extracts from roots, stems, leaves, and fruit pericarps showed antibacterial activity in vitro, with root extracts being most active against Gram-positive bacteria [PMID:3241575].

Preuve DParkinson's Disease (Amyloid aggregation)

Extracts of G. flavum exhibited inhibitory activity against the amyloid aggregation of α-synuclein in vitro and in neuroblastoma cells [PMID:41436290].

Sécurité et effets indésirables

Glaucine has been reported for use as a recreational drug of abuse [PMID:23303745, PMID:23988488]. However, studies in rhesus monkeys suggest that d,l-glaucine.1.5 phosphate has a low abuse potential relative to codeine [PMID:7201142].

Interactions médicamenteuses

Glaucine is metabolized by human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver [PMID:23988488].

Synthèse des preuves

The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro, in vivo animal models, and phytochemical screenings (Level D), with some mentions of traditional and regional therapeutic use (Level C). No human clinical trials (RCTs) were provided.

Sources PubMed

1.PMID: 34454171 (2021) — Phytochemistry and pharmacology of alkaloids from Glaucium spp. · Phytochemistry
2.PMID: 38415909 (2024) — Variability of Isoquinoline Alkaloid Profiles and Anticholinesterase Activities with Binding-Mode Predictions of Glaucium flavum Population. · Chemistry & biodiversity
3.PMID: 21168338 (2011) — Physiological responses to salinity in the yellow-horned poppy, Glaucium flavum. · Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
4.PMID: 24317429 (2013) — Identification and quantification of the main active anticancer alkaloids from the root of Glaucium flavum. · International journal of molecular sciences
5.PMID: 23860409 (2013) — Revealing the anti-tumoral effect of Algerian Glaucium flavum roots against human cancer cells. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Glaucium flavum

Sources et citations

Calculer une dose sûre de Glaucium flavum