Ce produit n'est pas destiné à diagnostiquer, traiter, guérir ou prévenir toute maladie. Ces déclarations n'ont pas été évaluées par la Food and Drug Administration.
Ces informations sont fournies à titre éducatif uniquement et ne remplacent pas un avis médical professionnel, un diagnostic ou un traitement. Consultez toujours votre professionnel de santé avant d'utiliser des plantes, surtout si vous êtes enceinte, allaitez, prenez des médicaments ou avez une condition médicale.
How does gobernadora work medicinally in the body?
Gobernadora's primary active compound, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), functions as a potent antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitor. NDGA blocks enzymes involved in inflammatory pathways, which may explain its traditional use for arthritis and pain relief. The plant also contains flavonoids and lignans with demonstrated antimicrobial properties. However, NDGA can accumulate in liver tissue and cause hepatotoxicity, which is why internal use is strongly discouraged by healthcare professionals. Evidence level: C (preliminary research and traditional use).
Is gobernadora safe to take during pregnancy?
No, gobernadora (Larrea tridentata) is considered unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The nordihydroguaiaretic acid content can cross the placenta and may cause fetal harm or pregnancy complications. Hepatotoxic compounds can also pass through breast milk, potentially harming nursing infants. Women who are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding should avoid gobernadora in all forms, including topical preparations. Evidence level: C. This herb carries a contraindicated rating for pregnancy due to documented risks.
What is the safe dosage for gobernadora tea or supplements?
Due to serious hepatotoxicity risks, internal use of gobernadora is not recommended for extended periods. Traditional use involved short-term tea consumption at a maximum of one cup daily for no more than several days. Topical preparations are considered safer but may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. There is no established safe long-term dosage. Given documented cases of liver damage, professional healthcare guidance is essential before any use. Evidence level: C (traditional use with significant safety concerns).
Does gobernadora interact with prescription medications?
Yes, gobernadora has significant drug interaction potential. Its nordihydroguaiaretic acid content affects liver enzymes responsible for metabolizing many medications. Gobernadora should never be combined with acetaminophen, as this dramatically increases liver damage risk. It may also interact with anticoagulants, hepatotoxic drugs, and medications metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Anyone taking prescription medications should avoid internal use entirely. Evidence level: C. Always consult a healthcare provider before use.
Can gobernadora cause liver damage or failure?
Yes, gobernadora has been linked to multiple cases of hepatotoxicity, including acute liver failure requiring transplantation. The compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid accumulates in liver tissue and can cause both acute and chronic liver injury. The FDA issued warnings about chaparral products in the 1990s following adverse event reports. Internal use, particularly prolonged consumption, poses significant risk. People with existing liver disease should avoid this herb entirely. Evidence level: C (case reports and pharmacovigilance data).
Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 29 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Gobernadora (Larrea tridentata), also known as creosote bush or chaparral, is a North American desert shrub used in traditional medicine for various ailments [PMID: 20424564, PMID: 36080156]. It is recognized for its antioxidant properties but is associated with significant risks of hepatotoxicity [PMID: 31643676, PMID: 9129552].
Contexte
Larrea tridentata is a perennial, aromatic evergreen shrub dominant in the deserts of North America, specifically northern Mexico and the southwestern United States [PMID: 34315376, PMID: 36080156, PMID: 27445827].
Usages traditionnels
Traditional uses include the treatment of infertility, rheumatism, arthritis, colds, diarrhea, skin problems, pain, inflammation, excess body weight, diabetes, and gallbladder and kidney stones [PMID: 36080156, PMID: 15814253, PMID: 27445827].
Composés actifs
The primary metabolite is nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) [PMID: 34315376, PMID: 20424564]. Other compounds include furanoid lignans such as 4-epi-larreatricin [PMID: 31643676], meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid [PMID: 21583141], and various simple bisphenyl and tricyclic lignans [PMID: 26151022].
Mécanisme d'action
NDGA acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, inhibits lipoxygenases (LOX), and activates the endogenous antioxidant response via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway [PMID: 34315376, PMID: 25100573]. In tumor cells, it may exert pro-apoptotic activity and inhibit SP1 dependent gene transcription [PMID: 25100573, PMID: 26151022].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve DHepatotoxicity
Ingestion of chaparral is linked to clinically apparent liver injury, including cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice, and acute liver failure requiring transplantation [PMID: 31643676, PMID: 9129552, PMID: 7806838, PMID: 7733101]
Preuve DMetabolic Syndrome (Animal Model)
Ethanolic extract reduced insulin resistance, serum insulin, and plasma/hepatic lipids in hamsters fed a high fat and cholesterol diet [PMID: 27445827]
Preuve DGallstones (Animal Model)
Dry ethanolic extract inhibited gallstone formation and reduced gallbladder bile cholesterol concentration in hamsters [PMID: 16105230]
Sécurité et effets indésirables
The herb is associated with severe hepatotoxicity, including cholestasis and hepatocellular injury [PMID: 11352118, PMID: 7806838]. Chronic use of NDGA is reported to cause renal and hepatic toxicity [PMID: 15814253, PMID: 31642411]. Topical application or burning the bush has been linked to contact dermatitis [PMID: 3950120].
Synthèse des preuves
Evidence consists primarily of case reports of toxicity (Level D), animal studies (Level D), and literature reviews (Level C). There is a strong signal for hepatotoxicity in humans, while therapeutic claims are largely based on traditional use or animal models.
2.PMID: 10948380 (2000) — Hepatotoxicity of botanicals. · Public health nutrition
3.PMID: 34315376 (2021) — Larrea tridentata and its Biological Activities. · Current topics in medicinal chemistry
4.PMID: 11327523 (2001) — The safety of low-dose Larrea tridentata (DC) Coville (creosote bush or chaparral): a retrospective clinical study. · Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)
5.PMID: 36080156 (2022) — Phytochemical Compounds and Pharmacological Properties of Larrea tridentata. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Sources gouvernementales
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
9.PMID: 20424564 (2010) — Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and its derivatives: an update. · Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
10.PMID: 31072049 (2019) — Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) Extract Assessment as a Green Antioxidant for Biodiesel. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
11.PMID: 15814253 (2005) — Larrea tridentata (Creosote bush), an abundant plant of Mexican and US-American deserts and its metabolite nordihydroguaiaretic acid. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
13.PMID: 27445827 (2016) — Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Reduces Plasma and Hepatic Lipids in Hamsters Fed a High Fat and Cholesterol Diet. · Frontiers in pharmacology
14.PMID: 26151022 (2015) — Creosote bush lignans for human disease treatment and prevention: Perspectives on combination therapy. · Journal of traditional and complementary medicine
15.PMID: 31642411 (2020) — Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Therapeutics: Beneficial to Toxicity Profiles and the Search for its Analogs. · Current cancer drug targets
16.PMID: 3950120 (1986) — Contact dermatitis from Larrea (creosote bush). · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
17.PMID: 7806838 (1994) — Cholestatic hepatitis after ingestion of chaparral leaf: confirmation by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and liver biopsy. · Journal of clinical gastroenterology
18.PMID: 16105230 (2005) — Effect of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) on cholesterol gallstones and bile secretion in hamsters. · The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
19.PMID: 35684556 (2022) — nor 3'-Demethoxyisoguaiacin from Larrea tridentata Is a Potential Alternative against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Associated with Bovine Mastitis. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
20.PMID: 12960376 (2003) — (+)-Larreatricin hydroxylase, an enantio-specific polyphenol oxidase from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
21.PMID: 7733101 (1995) — Chaparral-induced hepatic injury. · The American journal of gastroenterology
22.PMID: 10030529 (1999) — Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. · American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
23.PMID: 25100573 (2014) — Paradoxical cellular effects and biological role of the multifaceted compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid. · Archiv der Pharmazie