Khaya

Khaya bark contains limonoids and khayanolides, particularly gedunin, which have demonstrated antimalarial activity in laboratory studies. These compounds appear to inhibit Plasmodium parasite growth through multiple pathways, though the precise mechanism remains incompletely understood. In vitro research shows activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains. However, human clinical trials validating these effects are limited. Evidence level: C, based primarily on traditional use and preliminary pharmacological research rather than controlled clinical studies.

Khaya senegalensis may interact with medications processed through the liver due to its potential hepatotoxic effects. The bark contains compounds that could affect liver enzyme activity, potentially altering the metabolism of antimalarial drugs, hepatotoxic medications, and pharmaceuticals requiring hepatic clearance. Specific interaction studies are lacking. Patients taking prescription medications, particularly antimalarials or drugs with known liver effects, should consult a healthcare provider before using Khaya. Evidence level: C.

Traditional preparations use 2-4 grams of dried bark as a decoction, taken twice daily. The bark is typically boiled in water for 15-20 minutes and consumed as tea. Standardized commercial extracts are not widely available, making precise dosing challenging. Higher doses have been associated with liver toxicity and should be avoided. Treatment duration should be limited, and use should be supervised by a qualified healthcare practitioner familiar with African traditional medicine.

Khaya bark is considered unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Traditional contraindications specifically exclude pregnant women. The bioactive limonoids may stimulate uterine contractions or affect fetal development. The hepatotoxic potential poses additional risks during pregnancy when liver function is already stressed. Women who are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding should avoid Khaya entirely. This recommendation is based on traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidence (Level C).

Common side effects include nausea and gastrointestinal upset, particularly when taken on an empty stomach. The most serious concern is hepatotoxicity (liver damage), which can occur at high doses or with prolonged use. Symptoms may include jaundice, right upper abdominal pain, fatigue, and elevated liver enzymes. Khaya is contraindicated in individuals with pre-existing liver disease and in children due to insufficient safety data. Discontinue use immediately if adverse symptoms develop and seek medical attention.