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PubMed · Cola nitida infusion modulates cardiometabolic activities linked to cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats. (2021)
PubMed · Cola Nitida (Kola Nuts) Attenuates Hepatic Injury in Type 2 Diabetes by Improving Antioxidant and Cholinergic Dysfunctions and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism. (2021)
Révisé par : HerbAlly Editorial Team, Medical herbalists and healthcare professionals
Dernière mise à jour : April 2026
Calculer une dose sûre de Kola Nut
Calculateur gratuit de posologie — doses adultes et enfants selon le poids.
Kola nut acts primarily through its caffeine and theobromine content, which are methylxanthine compounds. Caffeine blocks adenosine receptors in the brain, preventing fatigue signals and promoting alertness. Theobromine provides milder stimulation while dilating blood vessels to improve circulation. These compounds work synergistically to increase energy, enhance physical endurance, and support mental focus. The catechins present may offer additional metabolic support. Evidence Level: C.
What medications interact with kola nut?
Kola nut interacts with several medication classes due to its caffeine content. It may increase the effects of stimulants and bronchodilators like theophylline, potentially causing nervousness and palpitations. Kola nut can reduce the effectiveness of sedatives, anti-anxiety medications, and anticoagulants like warfarin. It should not be combined with MAOI antidepressants due to hypertensive risk. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining kola nut with prescription medications. Evidence Level: C.
What is the recommended dosage of kola nut?
Traditional use suggests 1-3 grams of fresh kola nut seeds daily, or 200-400 mg of standardized extract providing approximately 40-80 mg of caffeine equivalent. Due to individual caffeine sensitivity, start with lower doses and assess tolerance. Avoid consumption late in the day to prevent sleep disruption. Do not exceed recommended amounts, as higher doses increase the risk of adverse effects including anxiety and tachycardia. Evidence Level: Traditional.
Is kola nut safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
No, kola nut is considered unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The high caffeine content crosses the placenta and passes into breast milk, potentially affecting fetal development and causing irritability in nursing infants. Caffeine intake during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of miscarriage and low birth weight. Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals should avoid kola nut entirely and consult a healthcare provider for suitable alternatives. Evidence Level: C.
What is kola nut used for traditionally?
Kola nut has been used traditionally across West Africa for centuries as an energy enhancer, appetite suppressant, and digestive stimulant. In Nigeria and Ghana, it holds ceremonial significance and is offered to guests as a symbol of hospitality. Traditional medicine practitioners have used it for headaches, fatigue, and as a general tonic. The fresh seeds were chewed during long journeys and labor-intensive work for sustained energy. Evidence Level: Traditional.
What are the side effects of kola nut?
Common side effects include insomnia, tachycardia, anxiety, gastrointestinal irritation, and caffeine dependence with regular use. Withdrawal symptoms such as headaches and fatigue may occur upon cessation. Individuals with anxiety disorders, heart conditions, or insomnia should avoid kola nut, as it may exacerbate these conditions. Excessive consumption can cause tremors, nervousness, and digestive discomfort. Discontinue use if adverse symptoms develop. Evidence Level: C.
Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Kola nut (Cola nitida) is a West African plant containing caffeine and other alkaloids used traditionally for various ailments and as a stimulant [PMID:32707772, PMID:31220600, PMID:31907041].
Contexte
Cola nitida is an evergreen plant native to West Africa [PMID:31220600]. It is a dicotyledonous species with two subspecies, alba (white) and rubra (red) [PMID:3508643].
Usages traditionnels
In West Africa, it is chewed to ease hunger pangs and for its stimulant and euphoriant qualities [PMID:31907041]. It is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes and its complications [PMID:37806534], and is commonly consumed by pregnant women during the first trimester to alleviate dizziness and morning sickness [PMID:33684143]. It also holds importance during traditional rites in Africa [PMID:33270707].
Composés actifs
The nuts contain xanthine alkaloids, specifically caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine [PMID:3508643]. Phytochemical analysis has also identified the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids [PMID:24511707].
Mécanisme d'action
Cola nitida infusion may improve insulin resistance in skeletal muscles by modulating the expression of genes including IRS-1, p53, GLUT4, PI3K, and BCL2 [PMID:37806534]. It has been shown to increase Na+/K+-ATPase activity and glutamate levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus [PMID:33781191]. Additionally, it may act by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH) levels to abate redox imbalance [PMID:29223552, PMID:31220600].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve DType 2 Diabetes (Animal Model)
Hot water extract led to significant depletion of blood glucose, serum triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and uric acids, while elevating serum insulin and HDL-cholesterol [PMID:31220600].
Preuve DDiabetic Cardiomyopathy (Animal Model)
Infusion reversed biomarkers of oxidative stress and cholinergic/purinergic dysfunction, maintaining intact myocardial morphology [PMID:34129900].
Preuve DHepatic Injury (Animal Model)
Infusion attenuated hepatic injury in T2D rats by improving antioxidant and cholinergic dysfunctions [PMID:32600241, PMID:29223552].
In rat studies, administration of crude aqueous extract during pregnancy induced histological alterations in the pups' cerebellum [PMID:33684143]. In mice, chronic consumption of a kola nut diet significantly lowered daily food intake [PMID:19826468]. High doses of extract in mice showed depressive effects on locomotor activities [PMID:2130624].
Grossesse et allaitement
Administration of crude aqueous kola nut extract (400-800 mg/kg) to pregnant rats induced histological alterations in the cerebellum of the pups [PMID:33684143].
Interactions médicamenteuses
Caffeine, a major component of Cola nitida, can induce P-glycoprotein (P-gp), SULT2A1, and SULT1A1, which may lead to pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs such as metoclopramide [PMID:31907041].
Synthèse des preuves
The majority of evidence is derived from animal models (rats and mice) and in vitro studies, indicating potential antidiabetic, antioxidant, and analgesic effects, but clinical human data is severely limited.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 32707772 (2020) — Caffeine and Doping-What Have We Learned since 2004. · Nutrients
2.PMID: 33684143 (2021) — Kola nut from Cola nitida vent. Schott administered to pregnant rats induces histological alterations in pups' cerebellum. · PloS one
3.PMID: 37198219 (2023) — Heterosis patterns and sources of self-compatibility, cross-compatibility and key nut traits within single and double hybrid crosses of kola [Cola nitida (Vent) Schott and Endl.]. · Scientific reports
4.PMID: 17829555 (1890) — Kola-Nut for Seasickness. · Science (New York, N.Y.)
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
PMID: 24511707 (2013) — Proximate and phytochemical of Cola nitida and Cola acuminata. · Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS
7.PMID: 33781191 (2022) — Aqueous Extract of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola Synergistically Enhances Hippocampal-hypothalamic Glutamate and Na+ /K+ -ATPase Activity in Male Wistar Rats. · Current drug discovery technologies
8.PMID: 34904497 (2022) — A review on garcinia kola heckel: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicology. · Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals
9.PMID: 29223552 (2017) — Caffeine - rich infusion from Cola nitida (kola nut) inhibits major carbohydrate catabolic enzymes; abates redox imbalance; and modulates oxidative dysregulated metabolic pathways and metabolites in Fe2+-induced hepatic toxicity. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
10.PMID: 31220600 (2019) — The antidiabetic properties of the hot water extract of kola nut (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl.) in type 2 diabetic rats. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
11.PMID: 34129900 (2021) — Cola nitida infusion modulates cardiometabolic activities linked to cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats. · Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
12.PMID: 19826468 (2009) — The comparative effects of chronic consumption of kola nut (Cola nitida) and caffeine diets on locomotor behaviour and body weights in mice. · Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria
13.PMID: 32600241 (2021) — Cola Nitida (Kola Nuts) Attenuates Hepatic Injury in Type 2 Diabetes by Improving Antioxidant and Cholinergic Dysfunctions and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism. · Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets
14.PMID: 15121369 (2004) — West African crystalline maculopathy. · Ophthalmology
15.PMID: 37954367 (2023) — Antioxidant activity and efficacy of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) oil on pathogenic and alteration microorganisms of attiéké. · Heliyon
16.PMID: 3508643 (1986) — The effect of cola acuminata and cola nitida on gastric acid secretion. · Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement
17.PMID: 31907041 (2020) — The effects of oral administration of Cola nitida on the pharmacokinetic profile of metoclopramide in rabbits. · BMC pharmacology & toxicology
18.PMID: 2130624 (1990) — Effects of fresh kola-nut extract (Cola nitida) on the locomotor activities of male mice. · Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Bulgarica
19.PMID: 7672735 (1995) — Nitrosatable amines and nitrosamide formation in natural stimulants: Cola acuminata, C. nitida and Garcinia cola. · Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
20.PMID: 19394393 (2009) — Safety assessment of kola nut extract as a food ingredient. · Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
21.PMID: 25478098 (2011) — Prevalence and associated risk factors of Kola nut chewing among secondary school students in Osogbo, Nigeria. · Mental illness
22.PMID: 22314949 (2010) — Effects of aqueous extract of kola nut (Cola Nitida Rubra) on reproductive hormones in rats. · Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria
23.PMID: 37806534 (2024) — Potential molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. on insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscles. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
24.PMID: 38717256 (2024) — Inhibitory effect of extracts from edible parts of nuts on α-amylase activity: a systematic review. · Food & function
25.PMID: 31295889 (2019) — Winning the War against Multi-Drug Resistant Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria. · Microorganisms
26.PMID: 30020887 (2018) — In vitro anticholinesterase, antimonoamine oxidase and antioxidant properties of alkaloid extracts from kola nuts (Cola acuminata and Cola nitida). · Journal of complementary & integrative medicine
27.PMID: 26715951 (2015) — Review: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa. · Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi
28.PMID: 31194116 (2019) — Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals. · Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)
29.PMID: 33270707 (2020) — Genetic variability of bioactive compounds and selection for nutraceutical quality in kola [Cola nitida (Vent) Schott. and Endl.]. · PloS one
30.PMID: 29634481 (2018) — Effects of acetone extract of Cola nitida on brain sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity and spatial memory in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic female Wistar rats. · Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology