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Prunus armeniaca semen
TCM premier antitussive seed; stops cough, descends lung qi, and moistens intestines; amygdalin provides activity.
Ku Xing Ren (Prunus armeniaca semen) is a fundamental antitussive seed in Traditional Chinese Medicine, primarily used to stop cough, descend lung qi, and moisten the intestines. Its key active compound, amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside, is responsible for both therapeutic effects and potential toxicity. Modern research explores its expectorant, mild laxative, and antitumor properties, though clinical evidence remains limited.
Antitussive and expectorant effects are attributed to amygdalin, which is hydrolyzed by emulsin to release prunasin and eventually hydrogen cyanide in low doses, acting on central cough centers via adenosine receptors and peripheral airway smooth muscle relaxation. Descending lung qi involves modulation of vagal tone and reduced airway hyperreactivity, while laxative effects stem from fatty oils stimulating peristalsis via cholinergic pathways. Antitumor activity in vitro involves cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of amygdalin to cyanide, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, but efficacy in vivo is inconsistent.
TCM premier antitussive seed; stops cough, descends lung qi, and moistens intestines; amygdalin provides activity.
Ku Xing Ren (Prunus armeniaca semen) is a fundamental antitussive seed in Traditional Chinese Medicine, primarily used to stop cough, descend lung qi, and moisten the intestines. Its key active compound, amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside, is responsible for both therapeutic effects and potential toxicity. Modern research explores its expectorant, mild laxative, and antitumor properties, though clinical evidence remains limited.
Antitussive and expectorant effects are attributed to amygdalin, which is hydrolyzed by emulsin to release prunasin and eventually hydrogen cyanide in low doses, acting on central cough centers via adenosine receptors and peripheral airway smooth muscle relaxation. Descending lung qi involves modulation of vagal tone and reduced airway hyperreactivity, while laxative effects stem from fatty oils stimulating peristalsis via cholinergic pathways. Antitumor activity in vitro involves cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of amygdalin to cyanide, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, but efficacy in vivo is inconsistent.