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M
Not CommonGénéré par IA
Madder
Rubia tinctorum
calculs rénaux et affections urinaires dans la médecine populaire européenne
Madder root contains anthraquinone compounds, primarily alizarin and purpurin, which may help prevent calcium salt crystallization in the urinary tract. These compounds appear to have antispasmodic effects on the urinary system and may support the passage of small stones. Traditionally used as a diuretic, madder was believed to increase urine flow and help flush the kidneys. Laboratory studies suggest potential stone-inhibiting activity, but human clinical trials are lacking. Evidence level: C.
Does madder root interact with any medications?
Limited clinical data exists on madder drug interactions. Due to its diuretic properties, madder may theoretically potentiate the effects of prescription diuretics, increasing the risk of dehydration or electrolyte imbalances. Patients taking medications for kidney disease should avoid madder entirely, as it may interfere with prescribed treatments. The lack of formal interaction studies means caution is warranted when combining madder with any prescription medications. Consult a healthcare provider before use. Evidence level: C.
What is the proper dosage of madder root?
Traditional adult dosages include 2-3 grams of dried root prepared as a decoction, or 1-2 mL of tincture taken internally. These recommendations are based on historical European folk medicine use rather than clinical trials. Due to potential mutagenic concerns with alizarin content, long-term or high-dose use is not recommended. Treatment should be limited to short periods under professional guidance. Evidence level: Traditional.
Is madder root safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
No, madder root is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The anthraquinone compounds, particularly alizarin, have demonstrated potential mutagenic and genotoxic effects in laboratory studies, raising concerns about fetal development and safety. These compounds may pass into breast milk. Women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing should avoid madder root in all forms. Evidence level: C.
Why does madder root turn urine red?
Madder root contains natural red pigments called anthraquinones, including alizarin and purpurin, which are metabolized and excreted through the kidneys. This produces a harmless red or pink discoloration of urine that can persist for hours after consumption. While not dangerous, this effect can cause diagnostic confusion during urinalysis or when investigating urinary tract symptoms. Patients should inform healthcare providers about recent madder use. Evidence level: Traditional.
Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) is a perennial plant of the Rubiaceae family used historically as a red dye [PMID: 28131591, 31617029] and as a traditional herbal medicine [PMID: 9886573, 42208761].
Contexte
Rubia tinctorum L., also known as common madder or dyer's madder, is a perennial species in the Rubiaceae family [PMID: 28131591, 31617029]. It is widely recognized for its use as a natural red dye for textiles, leather, and food [PMID: 28131591, 34253840].
Usages traditionnels
Traditionally used as a herbal medicine against kidney stones [PMID: 9886573]. In the context of Rubia species (including R. tinctorum), traditional uses include cooling blood, arresting bleeding, activating meridians, and promoting blood circulation [PMID: 42208761].
Composés actifs
The plant contains anthraquinones, specifically alizarin and purpurin [PMID: 28131591, 36676964, 40461899]. Other identified compounds include lucidin, lucidin primeveroside, ruberythric acid, galiosin, mollugin, rubiadin, scillarenin, and fucosterol [PMID: 28131591, 1394669, 40461899]. Essential oils have been found to contain cyclohexanone as a predominant component (88.74%) [PMID: 38824663].
Mécanisme d'action
Anthraquinones from R. tinctorum (alizarin and purpurin) have been shown to inhibit the formation of insulin fibrils in a dose-dependent manner by interacting with hydrophobic residues of insulin chain B and interfering with phenylalanine residues [PMID: 34033711].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve DType II Diabetes Mellitus
Methanolic extract of R. tinctorum exhibited significant results in decreasing body weight, improving lipid profile, and normalizing hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia [PMID: 35516188].
Preuve DMicrobial Infections
Extracts (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) revealed antimicrobial activity against some Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi, and actinomycetes [PMID: 16619348]. Essential oils demonstrated antimicrobial effects against Bacillus cereus and Shigella [PMID: 38824663].
Sécurité et effets indésirables
Lucidin, an anthraquinone in R. tinctorum root, has been identified as mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and mammalian cells [PMID: 6621581, 1394669]. Long-term treatment in ACI rats resulted in dose-dependent increases in benign and malignant tumor formation in the liver and kidneys, as well as DNA adduct formation [PMID: 9886573]. In mice, acute toxicity tests indicated a maximum tolerated dose between 3500 and 5000 mg/kg body weight [PMID: 8748425].
Synthèse des preuves
The evidence consists primarily of in vitro studies, animal models (rats and mice), and phytochemical analyses. There are no human clinical trials provided in the abstracts; therefore, the overall strength of clinical evidence is low.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 28131591 (2017) — Mild extraction methods using aqueous glucose solution for the analysis of natural dyes in textile artefacts dyed with Dyer's madder (Rubia tinctorum L.). · Journal of chromatography. A
2.PMID: 16619348 (2006) — Antimicrobial activity of common madder (Rubia tinctorum L.). · Phytotherapy research : PTR
3.PMID: 42208761 (2026) — A comprehensive review of Rubia medicinal plants: Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. · Annales pharmaceutiques francaises
4.PMID: 38528251 (2024) — Early history of the study of bone growth (1722-1875). · International orthopaedics
5.PMID: 6621581 (1983) — Identification of a mutagenic substance, in Rubia tinctorum L. (madder) root, as lucidin. · Mutation research
Sources gouvernementales
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
6.PMID: 9886573 (1998) — Carcinogenicity and DNA adduct formation observed in ACI rats after long-term treatment with madder root, Rubia tinctorum L. · Carcinogenesis
7.PMID: 36676964 (2022) — Anthraquinone Production from Cell and Organ Cultures of Rubia Species: An Overview. · Metabolites
8.PMID: 1394669 (1992) — The mutagenic constituents of Rubia tinctorum. · Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin
9.PMID: 34253840 (2021) — Reusing wasteroot of Rubia wallichiana dyeing from Monpa of Tibet in China. · Scientific reports
10.PMID: 8748425 (1995) — Acute and subacute toxicity tests of madder root, natural colorant extracted from madder (Rubia tinctorum), in (C57BL/6 X C3H)F1 mice. · Toxicology and industrial health
11.PMID: 33407859 (2021) — Composition of the metabolomic bio-coronas isolated from Ocimum sanctum and Rubia tinctorum. · BMC research notes
12.PMID: 40461899 (2025) — Hydrophilic deep eutectic solvents for bioactive compound extraction from Rubia tinctorum L. · Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
13.PMID: 33037162 (2020) — For the love of color: Plant colors and the dermatologist. · Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology
14.PMID: 29660677 (2018) — Multi-technique characterisation of commercial alizarin-based lakes. · Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
15.PMID: 40808069 (2025) — Nanoparticle Formulation Generated from DDGS and Its Anthraquinone Synthesis Elicitation in Rubia tinctorum Hairy Roots. · Polymers
16.PMID: 38824663 (2025) — Chemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Rubia tinctorum L. essential oils. · Natural product research
17.PMID: 28911575 (2016) — Recent progress on the traditional Chinese medicines that regulate the blood. · Journal of food and drug analysis
18.PMID: 27108315 (2016) — Immobilization of Rubia tinctorum L. Suspension Cultures and Biomass Production. · Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
19.PMID: 16678474 (2006) — The mutagenic potential of madder root in dyeing processes in the textile industry. · Mutation research
20.PMID: 38034740 (2023) — Chromatic and medicinal properties of six natural textile dyes: A review of eucalyptus, weld, madder, annatto, indigo and woad. · Heliyon
21.PMID: 35516188 (2020) — Rubia tinctorum root extracts: chemical profile and management of type II diabetes mellitus. · RSC advances
22.PMID: 34033711 (2021) — Alizarin and Purpurin from Rubia tinctorum L. Suppress Insulin Fibrillation and Reduce the Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxicity. · ACS chemical neuroscience
23.PMID: 31617029 (2020) — Effect of salt stress on the genes expression of the vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase and Na+/H+  antiporter in Rubia tinctorum. · Molecular biology reports
24.PMID: 17616238 (2007) — A spectrometric and chromatographic approach to the study of ageing of madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) dyestuff on wool. · Analytica chimica acta