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Ces informations sont fournies à titre éducatif uniquement et ne remplacent pas un avis médical professionnel, un diagnostic ou un traitement. Consultez toujours votre professionnel de santé avant d'utiliser des plantes, surtout si vous êtes enceinte, allaitez, prenez des médicaments ou avez une condition médicale.
Pterocarpus santalinus exerts its effects primarily through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Active compounds such as pterostilbene, flavonoids, and savinin help inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and scavenge free radicals, which supports its traditional use for inflammation and skin conditions. The presence of santalin A and B contributes to its distinct therapeutic profile. While these mechanisms are biologically plausible, robust clinical trials are necessary to fully confirm them (Evidence level: C).
Does red sandalwood interact with blood thinners?
Yes, Pterocarpus santalinus is contraindicated for individuals taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications. The herb may enhance blood-thinning effects, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding or bruising when combined with drugs like warfarin or aspirin. Patients on anticoagulant therapy should avoid this herb unless specifically monitored by a healthcare provider (Evidence level: C).
What is the recommended dosage for Pterocarpus santalinus?
The standard adult dosage for Pterocarpus santalinus is 1 to 3 grams of the red heartwood powder, taken twice daily. It is commonly administered as a tea or applied externally as a paste for skin conditions. Users should follow specific product instructions or consult a qualified practitioner, as dosages can vary based on the formulation and intended use (Evidence level: Traditional).
Is red sandalwood safe to use during pregnancy?
No, Pterocarpus santalinus is considered unsafe during pregnancy. Traditional usage and safety assessments indicate potential risks, leading to its contraindication for pregnant women. It is advised to avoid this herb while pregnant or breastfeeding to prevent any adverse effects on fetal development or uterine function (Evidence level: C).
What are the benefits of red sandalwood for skin conditions?
Red sandalwood is traditionally used in Ayurveda to manage various skin conditions, including acne, rashes, and inflammation. Its cooling and antimicrobial properties, attributed to compounds like pterostilbene, help soothe irritated skin and promote healing when applied as a paste. While widely used in folk medicine, high-quality clinical trials are needed to validate these effects (Evidence level: C).
Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Pterocarpus santalinus, commonly known as Red Sanders, is a deciduous tree endemic to the Eastern Ghats of South India used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [PMID:27041873, PMID:33915135, PMID:37358820].
Contexte
Pterocarpus santalinus is an endangered, economically important timber species native to the southern parts of the Eastern Ghats in India [PMID:37358820, PMID:37464731]. Its heartwood is highly valued internationally for its deep red color and fragrant texture [PMID:37358820].
Usages traditionnels
In Ayurveda and Siddha, it is used to treat inflammatory, gastrointestinal, dermatological, and metabolic disorders [PMID:27041873, PMID:42261177]. It has also been traditionally employed for treating fever and mental aberrations [PMID:38242042], as well as for its anthelmintic, tonic, antihyperglycemic, and diaphoretic properties [PMID:30609435].
Composés actifs
The plant contains a diverse phytochemical profile including terpenoids, steroids, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, benzofurans, coumarins, lignans, pterocarpans, aurones, and chalcones [PMID:42261177]. Specific identified compounds include pterostilbene [PMID:33801098], lupeol [PMID:39842236], and various sesquiterpenes such as canusesnol K and L [PMID:28581822].
Mécanisme d'action
P. santalinus may exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the activity of NF-κB and inhibiting the induction of E-selectin and VCAM-1 in endothelial cells [PMID:35115943]. Pterostilbene, a constituent of the heartwood, can inhibit adrenocorticotropic hormone production in the brain to weaken Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defenses in certain cancers [PMID:33801098]. In skin fibroblasts, it inhibits the MAPK/AP-1 pathway and activates TGF-β/Smad to reduce matrix metalloproteinases [PMID:28858391].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve DDiabetes Mellitus
Aqueous extract (250 mg/kg) in rats ameliorated streptozotocin-induced diabetes via anti-inflammatory pathways and enhanced insulin function [PMID:31579450]. Lupeol from leaves showed α-amylase inhibition in vitro [PMID:39842236].
Preuve DBreast Cancer
Ethanolic seed extract demonstrated antitumour activity against DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats [PMID:32913391].
Preuve DAtopic Dermatitis
Extract inhibited allergic responses and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice [PMID:30609435].
Preuve DHepatotoxicity
Heartwood methanolic extract (250mg/kg) provided protective effects against alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative liver damage in rats [PMID:27544549].
Preuve DDepression/Stress
Intranasal essential oil (20 mg/kg) reversed social withdrawal and behavioral impairments in social defeat stress-exposed mice [PMID:38242042].
Preuve D
Sécurité et effets indésirables
A case of allergic contact dermatitis from red sandalwood has been reported [PMID:8789238]. In vitro studies on 3T3-L1 cells showed the chloroform bioactive fraction was non-toxic up to 300 μg/ml [PMID:33968577].
Synthèse des preuves
The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies, animal models (rats/mice), and literature reviews. There are no human clinical trials (RCTs) provided in the source abstracts.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 27041873 (2016) — Therapeutic Potential of Pterocarpus santalinus L.: An Update. · Pharmacognosy reviews
2.PMID: 33801098 (2021) — Pterostilbene in Cancer Therapy. · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
3.PMID: 39701747 (2024) — [Textual research on Zitan]. · Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
4.PMID: 33915135 (2021) — Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological attributes of Pterocarpus santalinus and future directions: A review. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
5.PMID: 32913391 (2020) — Antitumour Property of Pterocarpus santalinus Seeds Against DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer in Rats. · Breast cancer : basic and clinical research
Sources gouvernementales
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
A pigment-depleted heartwood extract showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with an IC50 of 29.9 μg/mL in Caco-2-F03 cells [PMID:37347040].
Preuve CMelanoma
Pterostilbene displayed anticancer activity in vivo by inhibiting adrenocorticotropic hormone production [PMID:33801098].
6.PMID: 37358820 (2023) — The draft genome reveals early duplication event in Pterocarpus santalinus: an endemic timber species. · Planta
7.PMID: 37347040 (2023) — Discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 secondary metabolites from the heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus using multi-informative molecular networking. · Frontiers in molecular biosciences
8.PMID: 38826162 (2024) — Potential planting regions of Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) under current and future climate in China based on MaxEnt modeling. · Ecology and evolution
9.PMID: 37464731 (2023) — Genome sequencing and characterization of microsatellite markers of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.: an economically important endangered tree of Eastern Ghats, India. · Journal of genetics
10.PMID: 35897969 (2022) — Rapid Identification for the Pterocarpus Bracelet by Three-Step Infrared Spectrum Method. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
11.PMID: 30609435 (2019) — Inhibitory Effects of Pterocarpus santalinus Extract against IgE/Antigen-Sensitized Mast Cells and Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions. · Planta medica
12.PMID: 38242042 (2024) — Essential oil of Pterocarpus santalinus L. alleviates behavioral impairments in social defeat stress-exposed mice by regulating neurotransmission and neuroinflammation. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
13.PMID: 28581822 (2018) — Three new sesquiterpenes from Pterocarpus santalinus. · Journal of Asian natural products research
14.PMID: 35115943 (2021) — Pterocarpus santalinus Selectively Inhibits a Subset of Pro-Inflammatory Genes in Interleukin-1 Stimulated Endothelial Cells. · Frontiers in pharmacology
15.PMID: 8789238 (1996) — Allergic contact dermatitis from red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus). · Contact dermatitis
16.PMID: 33968577 (2021) — A bioactive fraction of Pterocarpus santalinus inhibits adipogenesis and inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells via modulation of PPAR-γ/SREBP-1c and TNF-α/IL-6. · 3 Biotech
17.PMID: 37848504 (2023) — Chromosome-scale genomes of five Hongmu species in Leguminosae. · Scientific data
18.PMID: 37150433 (2023) — Biochemometry identifies suppressors of pro-inflammatory gene expression in Pterocarpus santalinus heartwood. · Phytochemistry
19.PMID: 25858797 (2015) — Biomimetic total synthesis of santalin Y. · Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
20.PMID: 42261177 (2026) — Multifunctional Therapeutic Potential of Phytocomplexes from Pterocarpus santalinus: A Review. · Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry
21.PMID: 31579450 (2019) — Pterocarpus santalinus ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus via anti-inflammatory pathways and enhancement of insulin function. · Iranian journal of basic medical sciences
22.PMID: 30813336 (2019) — A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
23.PMID: 27544549 (2016) — Modulatory role of Pterocarpus santalinus against alcohol-induced liver oxidative/nitrosative damage in rats. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
24.PMID: 35489581 (2022) — Chemical constituents from Pterocarpus santalinus and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. · Fitoterapia
25.PMID: 10724187 (2000) — An isoflavone from Pterocarpus santalinus. · Phytochemistry
26.PMID: 15541741 (2004) — Two aurone glycosides from heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus. · Phytochemistry
27.PMID: 39713615 (2024) — Isolation, Characterization, In Vitro and In Silico Assessment of Undescribed Bioactive Constituents from Pterocarpus santalinus L. Heartwood. · ACS omega
28.PMID: 28858391 (2018) — Pterocarpus santalinus L. Regulated Ultraviolet B Irradiation-induced Procollagen Reduction and Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression Through Activation of TGF-β/Smad and Inhibition of the MAPK/AP-1 Pathway in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. · Photochemistry and photobiology
29.PMID: 31287718 (2018) — Radioprotective Properties of Pterocarpus santalinus Chloroform Extract in Murine Splenic Lymphocytes and Possible Mechanism. · Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals
30.PMID: 39842236 (2025) — Prospective role of lupeol from Pterocarpus santalinus leaf against diabetes: An in vitro, in silico, and in vivo investigation. · Computers in biology and medicine