How does Sida rhombifolia work as a bronchodilator?

Sida rhombifolia contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, alkaloids that stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle. This stimulation causes airway relaxation and widening, making breathing easier during asthma attacks or bronchitis episodes. These compounds also produce mild central nervous system stimulation. The plant has been used traditionally in Amazonian medicine specifically for respiratory conditions. Evidence level: C (preliminary clinical evidence).

Can Sida rhombifolia interact with medications or MAOIs?

Yes, Sida rhombifolia poses significant interaction risks. It should never be combined with MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors), as this combination can cause dangerous hypertensive crisis. The ephedrine content may also interact with blood pressure medications, stimulants, decongestants, and certain antidepressants. Individuals taking heart medications or psychiatric drugs should consult a healthcare provider before use. Evidence level: C.

What is the recommended dosage of Sida rhombifolia for adults?

The typical adult dosage is 3-6 grams of dried herb prepared as a decoction, or approximately 300mg of standardized extract taken twice daily. Traditional preparations in West African and Amazonian medicine often use the aerial parts brewed as tea. Due to its stimulant properties, evening doses should be avoided to prevent insomnia. Individual tolerance should guide dosage adjustments. Evidence level: C.

Is Sida rhombifolia safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

No, Sida rhombifolia is unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The ephedrine and pseudoephedrine content can cause uterine stimulation, elevated blood pressure, and increased heart rate, posing risks to fetal development and pregnancy stability. These alkaloids may pass into breast milk and affect nursing infants. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should completely avoid this herb. Evidence level: C.

What are the side effects of Sida rhombifolia?

Common side effects include tachycardia (rapid heart rate), hypertension, and insomnia due to the stimulant alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Some individuals may experience nervousness, anxiety, restlessness, or headaches. Effects are dose-dependent and more pronounced in stimulant-sensitive individuals. People with hypertension, heart disease, or anxiety disorders should avoid this herb entirely. Evidence level: C.

Sida Rhombifolia (Sida rhombifolia)

Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed

Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.

Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b

Résumé

Sida rhombifolia is a medicinal plant from the Malvaceae family recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties [PMID: 38943520, 28152649, 30662377].

Contexte

Sida rhombifolia is a seasonal plant that grows in equatorial and tropical climates [PMID: 32733569]. It is a member of the Malvaceae family and is used in various traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda and Siddha [PMID: 40644693, 29057840].

Usages traditionnels

Traditionally used in India and other countries to treat cough, cold, fever, stomach, kidney, and liver disorders, as well as pains, inflammations, wounds, diarrhea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, asthma, and bronchitis [PMID: 29057840, 28152649, 26497766]. In Ayurveda, it is purported as a source of Bala and used as a rejuvenator of muscles for joint pains, rheumatism, and neurological deficits [PMID: 41315559, 20192593].

Composés actifs

Identified compounds include ephedrine [PMID: 35961325], alkaloids such as cryptolepine, quindoline, and quindolinone [PMID: 34121522, 28067836], phenolics (e.g., epicatechin, scopoletin, scoporone) [PMID: 36444580, 28067836], flavonoids (e.g., kaempferol, tiliroside) [PMID: 34121522, 28067836], and ecdysteroids including 20-hydroxyecdysone [PMID: 17886841, 34121522]. Volatile organic compounds include palmitic acid, phytol, and oleic acid [PMID: 36296660].

Mécanisme d'action

The plant exhibits antioxidant activity through the scavenging of DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP radicals [PMID: 36296660, 28152649]. Anti-inflammatory effects have been observed via gene panel expression of PERK, GRP78, ATF6, IRE1A, and CHOP [PMID: 41315559]. Certain alkaloids (quindolinone and cryptolepine salt) demonstrate vasorelaxant activity in rodent mesenteric arteries [PMID: 28067836].

Preuves cliniques

Preuve DArthritis

Polar constituents (ethanol and aqueous extracts) were found useful in the treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis in animal models [PMID: 19418351]

Preuve DHepatotoxicity/Preneoplasia

Seed extract significantly inhibited the increase of pre-cancerous and hepatotoxicity marker enzymes in DEN and CCl4 induced rat models [PMID: 20192593]

Preuve DDiabetic Nephropathy

Extracts were evaluated for effectiveness in the prevention of diabetes and treatment of diabetic nephropathy in a rat model [PMID: 36975210]

Preuve DLiver Cancer (HepG2 cells)

Ethyl acetate extracts exerted anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in vitro [PMID: 36444580]

Preuve BAntioxidant status (Veterinary)

Dietary supplementation (3%) in chickens significantly increased total antioxidant capability, catalase, and superoxide dismutase [PMID: 38943520]

Sécurité et effets indésirables

One study describes the herb as harmless in the prevention of diabetes [PMID: 36975210]. In vitro cytotoxicity was noted against HepG2 cells, though it showed less cytotoxicity in HFF cells [PMID: 36444580].

Synthèse des preuves

The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (Level D), with one veterinary RCT (Level B). There is strong evidence for antioxidant and phytochemical diversity, but a lack of human clinical trials.

Sources PubMed

1.PMID: 36975210 (2023) — Evaluation of Sida cordifolia and Sida rhombifolia extracts in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. · Polimery w medycynie
2.PMID: 34121522 (2022) — Chemical constituents of two Cameroonian medicinal plants: Sida rhombifolia L. and Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) and their antiplasmodial activity. · Natural product research
3.PMID: 35961325 (2022) — Quality by design-based optimization of Soxhlet extraction and identification of ephedrine by a HPTLC method for Sida rhombifolia and Sida Cordifolia. · Biomedical chromatography : BMC
4.PMID: 38943520 (2024) — Dietary supplementation of Sida rhombifolia enhances the plasma antioxidation and modulates gut microbiota in Anyi tile-like grey chickens. · Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition
5.PMID: 37276379

Sida Rhombifolia

Sources et citations