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Trogopterus xanthipes
The dried feces of flying squirrels used in TCM to invigorate blood and relieve pain.
Wu Ling Zhi is the dried feces of the flying squirrel (Trogopterus xanthipes), used in Traditional Chinese Medicine primarily to invigorate blood and relieve pain associated with blood stasis. Its key active compounds include uronic acid, resins, urea, and fatty acids, which contribute to antiplatelet, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite limited modern clinical evidence (Grade C), it remains a common herb for conditions such as menstrual and abdominal pain.
The antiplatelet activity of Wu Ling Zhi is attributed to inhibition of platelet aggregation via modulation of thromboxane A2 synthesis and interference with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor binding. Its analgesic effects may involve activation of peripheral opioid receptors and inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Anti-inflammatory actions are linked to suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, likely through downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, the resin and urea components may contribute to local hemostatic and astringent effects.
The dried feces of flying squirrels used in TCM to invigorate blood and relieve pain.
Wu Ling Zhi is the dried feces of the flying squirrel (Trogopterus xanthipes), used in Traditional Chinese Medicine primarily to invigorate blood and relieve pain associated with blood stasis. Its key active compounds include uronic acid, resins, urea, and fatty acids, which contribute to antiplatelet, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite limited modern clinical evidence (Grade C), it remains a common herb for conditions such as menstrual and abdominal pain.
The antiplatelet activity of Wu Ling Zhi is attributed to inhibition of platelet aggregation via modulation of thromboxane A2 synthesis and interference with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor binding. Its analgesic effects may involve activation of peripheral opioid receptors and inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Anti-inflammatory actions are linked to suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, likely through downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, the resin and urea components may contribute to local hemostatic and astringent effects.