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Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Bauhinia variegata, commonly known as Kachnar, is a medicinal plant used in Ayurveda with demonstrated hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties in animal models [PMID:17827931, 37969205, 38286316].
Background
Bauhinia variegata (Leguminosae) is a plant widely distributed throughout India and the Western Himalayan region [PMID:12737399, 37929082]. It is also known as the orchid tree [PMID: 35438173].
Traditional uses
In Ayurveda, it is used as a liver tonic [PMID: 17827931]. Powdered bark is traditionally used for ulcers, as an astringent, as a tonic, and for skin diseases [PMID: 12737399]. The roots are used as an antidote to snake poison [PMID: 12737399]. The genus is also traditionally used to treat diabetes, malaria, cough, headache, fever, piles, dysentery, flatulence, diarrhoea, and cardiovascular problems [PMID: 38286316].
Active compounds
Phytochemical analysis has identified steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids [PMID: 38286316]. Specific compounds include kaempferol and quercetin glycosides in flowers [PMID: 37929082], anthocyanins (such as malvidin, peonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, and petunidin glycosides) in petals [PMID: 35903221], and a novel flavonol glycoside (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-O-beta-galactopyranoside) in roots [PMID: 12737399]. Root isolates also include beta-sitosterol, piperine, piperolein B, retrofractamide A, and dehydropipernonaline [PMID: 39779566]. The seeds contain a glucoside- and galactoside-binding lectin [PMID: 25240852].
Mechanism of action
The plant exhibits antioxidant activity, increasing levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase [PMID: 37969205, 32226246]. A specific flavonol glycoside from the roots demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity [PMID: 12737399].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DHepatotoxicity
Alcoholic stem bark extract (100-200 mg/kg) exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity in CCl4-intoxicated rats [PMID: 17827931]. Leaf extract mitigated acute liver failure and nephrotoxicity in thioacetamide-induced male rats [PMID: 32226246].
Evidence DDiabetic Neuropathy and Neurodegeneration
Treatment (200-400 mg/kg) in STZ-induced diabetic rats dramatically reduced blood glucose and HbA1c levels and increased SOD and catalase levels [PMID: 37969205].
Evidence DHodgkin's lymphoma
Used as part of a standalone Ayurveda management regimen in a 34-year-old female case report [PMID: 37865054].
Evidence DCancer (In Vitro)
Seed lectin exhibited anti-proliferative activity on nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE1 cells (IC50 12.8 μM) and slightly inhibited hepatoma growth [PMID: 25240852]. Root compounds (specifically dehydropipernonaline) showed significant bioactivity against prostate (DU-145, PC-3), colon (HT-29), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines [PMID: 39779566].
Safety & adverse effects
Microwave processing of kachnar powder reduced anti-nutrient levels of alkaloids, phytates, tannins, and saponins by 83-90%, which was noted to enhance safety [PMID: 39974713].
Evidence summary
The evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (Level D), with one clinical case report. There are no RCTs or systematic reviews provided to establish clinical efficacy in humans.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 37865054 (2023) — Standalone Ayurveda management of Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case report. · Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine
2.PMID: 39974713 (2024) — Influence of microwave processing on nutritional, anti-nutritional, antioxidant and sensory characteristics of kachnar powder and supplemented flatbreads. · Food chemistry: X
3.PMID: 17827931 (2007) — Hepatoprotective properties of Bauhinia variegata bark extract. · Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
4.PMID: 37929082 (2023) — Wild Edible Flowers of Western Himalayas: Nutritional Characterization, UHPLC-QTOF-IMS-Based Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Properties, and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols. · ACS omega
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— Chromosomal-level genome assembly of the orchid tree Bauhinia variegata (Leguminosae; Cercidoideae) supports the allotetraploid origin hypothesis of Bauhinia.
· DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes
6.PMID: 38259357 (2024) — The complete mitochondrial genome of Bauhinia variegata (Leguminosae). · Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources
7.PMID: 38286316 (2024) — Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of five species of Bauhinia genus: A review. · Fitoterapia
8.PMID: 42013723 (2026) — Triple-enzyme mimetic hemocompatible nanoparticles for glioblastoma targetingviapH-responsive enhanced ROS generation. · Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
9.PMID: 25240852 (2015) — Bauhinia variegata var. variegata lectin: isolation, characterization, and comparison. · Applied biochemistry and biotechnology
10.PMID: 37969205 (2023) — Neuroprotective effects of Bauhinia variegata in ameliorating diabetic neuropathy and neurodegeneration. · American journal of translational research
11.PMID: 32322433 (2020) — Pharmacopuncture of Bauhinia variegata Nanoemulsion Formulation against Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. · Journal of pharmacopuncture
12.PMID: 35170677 (2022) — Phytochemical and biological attributes of Bauhinia variegata L. (Caesalpiniaceae). · Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia
13.PMID: 39190055 (2024) — Antifungal Effect of Bauhinia variegata Lectin (BvL) on Bipolaris oryzae. · Current microbiology
14.PMID: 36121090 (2023) — An Exploration of Herbal Extracts Loaded Phyto-phospholipid Complexes (Phytosomes) Against Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Formulation Considerations. · Pharmaceutical nanotechnology
15.PMID: 39779566 (2025) — Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Bauhinia variegata Linn. Roots: Isolation, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Evaluation. · Current pharmaceutical design
16.PMID: 32226246 (2020) — Allium porrum and Bauhinia Variegata Mitigate Acute Liver Failure and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Rats. · Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB
17.PMID: 12737399 (2003) — Anti-inflammatory activity of a novel flavonol glycoside from the Bauhinia variegata Linn. · Natural product research
18.PMID: 35903221 (2022) — Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Mechanism of Petal Coloration in Bauhinia variegata. · Frontiers in plant science
19.PMID: 35667152 (2022) — GC-MS profiling of Bauhinia variegata major phytoconstituents with computational identification of potential lead inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. · Computers in biology and medicine