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Bitter Orange

Digestive

Citrus aurantium

PregnancyNursing

Last updated Mar 29, 2026

Description

Mediterranean and Asian citrus species whose peel is used in TCM and Western herbal medicine for digestive conditions and weight management.

Active Compounds

synephrineoctopaminehesperidinnaringeninp-synephrine

Traditional Uses

Digestive conditions in TCM as Zhi Shi (immature fruit)
Liver and bile conditions
Weight management in modern use
Anxiety and insomnia in Mediterranean folk medicine

Modern Uses

Digestive stimulant
Thermogenic mild
Choleretic
Anti-inflammatory

Dosage Information

Recommended dosing guidelines

Forms: extract, capsule, tablet, tincture
Adult Dose: 30mg synephrine standardized extract daily maximum; 2-4g dried peel tea
Child Dose: Not for children; stimulant content
Preparation Notes: Use standardized synephrine extract; dried peel tea safer than concentrated extracts.

Safety Information

Not recommended during pregnancy

Not recommended while nursing

Contraindications

Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension
MAO inhibitors
Caffeine-containing products

Possible Side Effects

Hypertension
Tachycardia
Drug interactions like grapefruit

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