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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Cassia auriculata is a medicinal shrub native to India and Sri Lanka, widely used in traditional medicine for managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders [PMID:33904794, PMID:34504420].
Background
Cassia auriculata (also known as Avaram senna or Avartaki) is an indigenous medicinal plant genus with significant biodiversity in south India [PMID:24163950, PMID:34504420].
Traditional uses
It is used in Ayurveda and Siddha systems of medicine to treat diabetes, asthma, rheumatism, dysentery, skin diseases, and metabolic disorders [PMID:34504420, PMID:28928537]. It is also used as a tonic and astringent [PMID:30350415].
Active compounds
Phytochemicals include alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavone glycosides, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, procyanidin B, epicatechin, ferulic acid, and quercetin [PMID:34504420, PMID:35579739]. Specific compounds identified include 5-O-methylquercetin 7-O-glucoside in flowers [PMID:22557154] and various aromatic glycosides (cassiaglycosides I-IV) in seeds [PMID:27373656].
Mechanism of action
Antidiabetic effects are associated with the modulation of insulin signaling pathways, including the regulation of glucose transporters (GLUT2 and GLUT4), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), and phosphorylated insulin receptor (AKT), while attenuating gluconeogenesis (G6PC and PCK-1) and inflammatory mediators (NF-κB) [PMID:27452659]. In diabetic nephropathy, it may attenuate autophagic necroptosis via the RIP-1/RIP-3-p-p38MAPK signaling pathway [PMID:34080203]. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects involve regulating hepatic cholesterol metabolism and mRNA expression of genes such as SREBP-1c, ACC1, SREBP-2, HMGR, HMGS, CYP7A1, and ABCA1 [PMID:28863379].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DDiabetes Mellitus
Flower and bud extracts demonstrated antidiabetic efficiency in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [PMID:33781195, PMID:30372851, PMID:28664136].
Evidence DHyperlipidemia
Ethanol extract of flowers reduced serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL in male Wistar rats [PMID:28863379].
Evidence DDiabetic Nephropathy
Ethanol leaf extract (150 mg/kg/bw) ameliorated nephropathy in rats by reducing cell toxicity [PMID:34080203].
Evidence DInflammation
Acetone extract of flowers showed 56% anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced oedema in rats [PMID:22557154].
Evidence DColon Cancer
An isolated compound from leaves showed 50% inhibition of HCT 15 human colon cancer cells at 20µg/ml in vitro [PMID:24657422].
Evidence DSexual Vitality
Hydro-alcoholic flower extract increased penile erection index and mounting frequency in male Wistar rats [PMID:30350415].
Safety & adverse effects
Acute toxicity analysis of a silver nanoparticle formulation of C. auriculata flower extract in rats showed no toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg b. wt [PMID:33781195].
Evidence summary
The evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (rats/yeast), indicating strong potential for antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities, but lacks human clinical trial data.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 24682189 (2014) — Antioxidant potential of green leafy porridges. · The Ceylon medical journal
2.PMID: 24163950 (2012) — Pharmacological potentials of Cassia auriculata and Cassia fistula plants: A review. · Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS
3.PMID: 33781195 (2022) — A New Silver Nano-Formulation of Cassia auriculata Flower Extract and its Anti-Diabetic Effects. · Recent patents on nanotechnology
4.PMID: 30372851 (2018) — Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of bud and flower of Avaram Senna (Cassia auriculata L.) In high fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
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7.PMID: 35579739 (2022) — Biocompatible Films of Collagen-Procyanidin for Wound Healing Applications. · Applied biochemistry and biotechnology
8.PMID: 34080203 (2021) — Cassia auriculata leaf extract ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by attenuating autophagic necroptosis via RIP-1/RIP-3-p-p38MAPK signaling. · Journal of food biochemistry
9.PMID: 34504420 (2021) — Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Review on Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.: A Special Insight to Antidiabetic Property. · Frontiers in pharmacology
10.PMID: 34826955 (2022) — Cassia auriculata and its role in infection / inflammation: A close look on future drug discovery. · Chemosphere
11.PMID: 30350415 (2019) — Aphrodisiac properties of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cassia auriculata flower in male rats. · Andrologia
12.PMID: 32630019 (2020) — Tumoricidal and Bactericidal Properties of ZnONPs Synthesized Using Cassia auriculata Leaf Extract. · Biomolecules
13.PMID: 33904794 (2021) — Metabolomics of Cassia Auriculata Plant Parts (Leaf, Flower, Bud) and Their Antidiabetic Medicinal Potentials. · Omics : a journal of integrative biology
14.PMID: 28627252 (2018) — Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of some Cassia species. · Natural product research
15.PMID: 30650546 (2019) — A Review on the Phytochemistry, Medicinal Properties and Pharmacological Activities of 15 Selected Myanmar Medicinal Plants. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
16.PMID: 22557154 (2004) — Anti-inflammatory activity of cassia aauriculata. · Ancient science of life
17.PMID: 36904532 (2023) — Investigation on Centrifugally Spun Fibrous PCL/3-Methyl Mannoside Mats for Wound Healing Application. · Polymers
18.PMID: 28664136 (2017) — Modulatory effect of dianthrone rich alcoholic flower extract of Cassia auriculata L. on experimental diabetes. · Integrative medicine research
19.PMID: 37895839 (2023) — Synergistic Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Polyherbal and Allopolyherbal Formulation. · Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
20.PMID: 27373656 (2016) — Structures of Aromatic Glycosides from the Seeds of Cassia auriculata. · Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin
21.PMID: 28928537 (2017) — Antihyperlipidemic activity of Cassia auriculata flower extract in oleic acid induced hyperlipidemia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. · Journal of food science and technology
22.PMID: 28863379 (2017) — Cassia auriculata flower extract attenuates hyperlipidemia in male Wistar rats by regulating the hepatic cholesterol metabolism. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
23.PMID: 27452659 (2017) — Understanding the mode-of-action of Cassia auriculata via in silico and in vivo studies towards validating it as a long term therapy for type II diabetes. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
24.PMID: 32338629 (2020) — In silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate the bioactivity of Cassia auriculata L extracts. · IET nanobiotechnology
25.PMID: 24657422 (2014) — Apoptosis mediated anti-proliferative effect of compound isolated from Cassia auriculata leaves against human colon cancer cell line. · Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
26.PMID: 23901174 (2013) — Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Constituents of Leaf Extracts of Cassia auriculata. · Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences