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Cinnamomum burmannii
Cinnamomum burmannii
Traditional Indonesian medicine for digestive and circulatory conditions
Cinnamomum burmannii primarily affects blood sugar through cinnamaldehyde and polyphenols, which may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in cells. These compounds appear to activate insulin receptors and enhance signaling pathways. Evidence level C suggests potential benefits for blood sugar regulation, though the high coumarin content differentiates it from Ceylon cinnamon. The mechanism focuses on metabolic regulation rather than insulin production.
Can I take Indonesian cinnamon with blood thinners?
You should avoid taking Cinnamomum burmannii with blood thinners like warfarin. This species contains high levels of coumarin, a compound with anticoagulant properties that can potentiate the effects of anticoagulant medications. This interaction increases the risk of bleeding. Patients on anticoagulant therapy should consult a physician before using cinnamon supplements, as this combination is contraindicated.
What is the safe dosage for Cinnamomum burmannii?
The standard adult dosage for Cinnamomum burmannii capsules is 500mg to 1 gram per day. For tea, use half a teaspoon of dried bark per cup. Because this species has the highest coumarin content among cinnamons, long-term high-dose use is discouraged to prevent liver toxicity. Traditional use typically involves smaller culinary amounts rather than concentrated therapeutic doses.
Is Cinnamomum burmannii safe during pregnancy?
Cinnamomum burmannii is considered unsafe during pregnancy when taken in medicinal amounts. The high coumarin content poses risks for liver toxicity and potential pregnancy complications. While trace amounts in food are generally tolerated, therapeutic supplementation is contraindicated. Pregnant women should opt for Ceylon cinnamon if supplementation is necessary, but should always consult a healthcare provider first.
What are the side effects of Indonesian cinnamon?
The primary side effect of Cinnamomum burmannii is liver toxicity caused by its high coumarin content. Other potential side effects include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and skin sensitization due to cinnamaldehyde. Individuals with liver disease are at higher risk for hepatotoxicity. Evidence level C indicates these risks are significant enough to warrant caution with prolonged or high-dose consumption.
PubMed-compiled information sheet
This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Cinnamomum burmannii is a traditional Indonesian plant used as a spice and medicinal herb, demonstrating antibacterial, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic properties [PMID:23055638, 40201834].
Background
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume, also known as Indonesian cassia, is a member of the genus Cinnamomum used as a condiment, food preservative, and flavoring [PMID:23055638, 35193750, 31872114].
Traditional uses
It is traditionally used as a spice and in traditional medicine [PMID:23055638, 38731569, 35193750].
Active compounds
Key constituents include cinnamaldehyde (trans-cinnamaldehyde), coumarin, cinnamyl acid, and cinnamyl alcohol [PMID:23055638, 31872114]. Its essential oil is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, specifically D-borneol, linalool, and caryophyllene [PMID:35193750, 38731569, 36135200]. Other compounds include polyphenols (tannins, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and (epi)catechins), catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and protocatechuic acid [PMID:40201834, 17567030, 32919354].
Mechanism of action
Antibacterial action against S. aureus involves inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress [PMID:38474323]. It has shown inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) [PMID:22645080]. In fungal inhibition (A. flavus), it disrupts the antioxidant and energy systems and alters cell wall/membrane integrity [PMID:40002124].
Aqueous cinnamon extract (6 g/100 mL) did not show a significant difference in incremental area under the curve or maximum glucose concentration during an OGTT [PMID:35458138].
Evidence BPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A bioactive fraction (DLBS3233) combining C. burmannii and Lagerstroemia speciosa was evaluated for efficacy and safety in improving metabolic parameters in insulin-resistant women [PMID:37424700].
Evidence DHyperlipidemia (Animal Model)
C. burmannii extract helped lower total cholesterol levels in mice fed high-fat diets [PMID:32566138].
Evidence DGastric Damage (Animal Model)
Bioactive fraction DLBS2411 significantly reduced ulcerative lesion index and surface area in ethanol-induced rats [PMID:32256127].
Evidence DHepatoprotection (Animal Model)
Ethanolic extract showed activity in inhibiting oxidative stress in the livers of rats on high-fat and cholesterol diets [PMID:35698494].
Evidence D
Safety & adverse effects
A standardized methanol extract (MECB) showed no toxicity, mortality, or abnormalities in organ histopathology in rats at oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg) [PMID:23827665]. However, long-term use of cinnamon bark in larger doses may negatively affect health [PMID:35698494].
Evidence summary
Evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (Level D), with limited clinical trials (Level B) showing mixed or specific results for metabolic conditions. Strong evidence exists for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties in laboratory settings.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 35458138 (2022) — Effect of Aqueous Cinnamon Extract on the Postprandial Glycemia Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. · Nutrients
2.PMID: 38731569 (2024) — Application of Cinnamomum burmannii Essential Oil in Promoting Wound Healing. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
3.PMID: 38454977 (2023) — Antioxidant and antiaging activities of Cinnamomum burmannii, Michelia champaca and their combinations. · Narra J
4.PMID: 40201834 (2025) — Effect of cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum burmannii) on the histological kidney of male diabetic rats (Rattus norvegicus). · Open veterinary journal
5.PMID: 35193750 (2022) — Elucidation of the essential oil biosynthetic pathways in Cinnamomum burmannii through identification of six terpene synthases.
Government sources
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
Methanol extract and trans-cinnamaldehyde inhibited the proliferation of human NPC cell lines [PMID:23837058].
· Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology
6.PMID: 37162357 (2023) — Diversity of Fungal Communities on Diseased and Healthy Cinnamomum burmannii Fruits and Antibacterial Activity of Secondary Metabolites. · Microbiology spectrum
7.PMID: 35698494 (2022) — Hepatoprotection of Cinnamomum burmannii ethanolic extract against high-fat and cholesterol diet in Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). · Veterinary world
8.PMID: 38542472 (2024) — Reference Genes Selection and Validation for Cinnamomum burmanni by Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. · International journal of molecular sciences
9.PMID: 36685943 (2022) — Full-length transcriptome sequencing reveals the molecular mechanism of monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis in Cinnamomum burmannii. · Frontiers in genetics
10.PMID: 38474323 (2024) — Oxidative Stress-Mediated Repression of Virulence Gene Transcription and Biofilm Formation as Antibacterial Action of Cinnamomum burmannii Essential Oil on Staphylococcus aureus. · International journal of molecular sciences
11.PMID: 36135200 (2022) — Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing Combined with RNA-Seq to Analyze Genes Related to Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Cinnamomum burmannii. · Current issues in molecular biology
12.PMID: 23055638 (2012) — Pharmaceutical applications and phytochemical profile of Cinnamomum burmannii. · Pharmacognosy reviews
13.PMID: 22645080 (2013) — Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity of Indonesian herbal medicines and constituents of Cinnamomum burmannii and Zingiber aromaticum. · Journal of natural medicines
14.PMID: 32919354 (2021) — Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Cinnamomum burmannii Blume extracts and their potential application in white chocolate. · Food chemistry
15.PMID: 35531167 (2022) — Larvicidal activity and Histopathological changes of Cinnamomum burmannii, Syzygium aromaticum extracts and their combination on Culex pipiens. · Saudi journal of biological sciences
16.PMID: 31872114 (2019) — Optimization of choline chloride-glycerol based natural deep eutectic solvent for extraction bioactive substances from Cinnamomum burmannii barks and Caesalpinia sappan heartwoods. · Heliyon
17.PMID: 31745806 (2019) — The anti-inflammatory influence of Cinnamomum burmannii against multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced liver injury in rats. · Environmental science and pollution research international
18.PMID: 32566138 (2020) — The benefit of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum burmannii) in lowering total cholesterol levels after consumption of high-fat containing foods in white mice ( Mus musculus) models. · F1000Research
19.PMID: 34566340 (2021) — Antibacterial activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) essential oil against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria. · Veterinary world
20.PMID: 37424700 (2023) — The Effect and Safety Assessment of Metformin and DLBS3233 (A Bioactive Fraction of Lagerstroemia speciosa and Cinnamomum burmannii) on Improving Metabolic Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. · International journal of women's health
21.PMID: 32256127 (2020) — Gastroprotective Effect of DLBS2411 Bioactive Fraction from Cinnamomum burmannii Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Damage in Rats. · Journal of experimental pharmacology
22.PMID: 31478002 (2019) — Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of dark chocolate bar with addition of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) bark oleoresin microcapsule. · Journal of food science and technology
23.PMID: 32848317 (2020) — Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume and Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. extract combination ameliorate lipid profile and heart oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice. · Veterinary world
24.PMID: 40941255 (2025) — Design and Evaluation of a Cinnamomum burmannii Essential Oil-Loaded Preservative Film for Enhancing the Quality and Shelf Life of Squaliobarbus curriculus Filets. · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
25.PMID: 23837058 (2013) — Inhibitory effects of Cinnamomum burmannii Blume stem bark extract and trans-cinnamaldehyde on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells; synergism with cisplatin. · Experimental and therapeutic medicine
26.PMID: 32566406 (2020) — Mining of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of dextrorotatory borneol in Cinnamomum burmannii by transcriptomic analysis on three chemotypes. · PeerJ
27.PMID: 17567030 (2007) — Antibacterial properties and major bioactive components of cinnamon stick (Cinnamomum burmannii): activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. · Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
28.PMID: 23827665 (2013) — Safety assessment of standardised methanol extract of Cinnamomum burmannii. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
29.PMID: 32327784 (2020) — Antioxidant activity and quality attributes of white chocolate incorporated with Cinnamomum burmannii Blume essential oil. · Journal of food science and technology
30.PMID: 40002124 (2025) — Inhibition Mechanism of Cinnamomum burmannii Leaf Essential Oil Against Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins. · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)