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CS
Not CommonVérifié
Coffee Senna
Senna occidentalis
Laxatif et affections hépatiques dans les régions tropicales
Coffee Senna works through anthraquinone glycosides, known as sennosides. Gut bacteria metabolize these into rhein anthrones, which stimulate colonic peristalsis and inhibit water and electrolyte absorption. This action increases stool volume and moisture. Evidence Level A supports this mechanism for treating constipation, typically inducing effects within 6 to 12 hours after ingestion.
Is Coffee Senna safe to take during pregnancy?
No, Coffee Senna is unsafe during pregnancy. The anthraquinone content stimulates uterine contractions, creating a risk of miscarriage or premature labor. Furthermore, the strong laxative action can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances harmful to the fetus. Health authorities contraindicate the use of stimulant laxatives like Senna species during pregnancy (Evidence Level A).
What is the recommended dosage for Coffee Senna?
The standard adult dosage for Coffee Senna leaves is 2–3 grams prepared as a tea to relieve constipation. Roasted seeds are used as a coffee substitute but must be prepared correctly to reduce toxicity. Use should be limited to short periods (under 10 days) to avoid dependency and electrolyte disturbance (Evidence Level A/Traditional).
Does Coffee Senna interact with prescription medications?
Yes, Coffee Senna has significant drug interactions. Its laxative effects can cause hypokalemia (low potassium), which increases the toxicity of cardiac glycosides like digoxin. It also interacts with diuretics, exacerbating electrolyte loss, and antiarrhythmic medications. Patients taking these drugs should avoid this herb to prevent serious cardiac complications (Evidence Level A/D).
Are Coffee Senna seeds toxic to the liver?
Yes, Coffee Senna seeds can be toxic to the liver. They contain chrysarobin, a compound associated with hepatotoxicity, particularly when consumed raw or in excess. While roasting reduces some toxicity, overconsumption of the 'coffee' preparation poses risks. Children are highly susceptible to seed toxicity, which has caused fatal poisoning in livestock and humans (Evidence Level B/Traditional).
Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Senna occidentalis (Coffee Senna) is a pantropical leguminous herb used in traditional medicine for various conditions, though it exhibits significant toxicity, particularly in its seeds [PMID:34560215, PMID:35046973, PMID:14676015].
Contexte
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, also known as Coffee Senna or Cassia occidentalis, is an annual leguminous herb found in Africa, Asia, and the Americas [PMID:34560215, PMID:35046973, PMID:41550785].
Usages traditionnels
It is used in Ayurvedic medicine in India and other traditional systems to treat diabetes, haematuria, rheumatism, typhoid, asthma, hepatotoxicity, disorders of haemoglobin, leprosy [PMID:34560215], snakebite [PMID:36879244], malaria (specifically root decoctions in Kenya) [PMID:36879244], and as a laxative, analgesic, febrifuge, diuretic, vermifuge, and colagogo [PMID:21571057, PMID:31616727]. It is also used in Brazil as an anthelmintic agent [PMID:37044282] and in India for treating fractures and bone diseases [PMID:30703497].
Composés actifs
The plant is rich in anthraquinones [PMID:35046973]. Specifically, dianthrone is identified as the main toxic component [PMID:26894038]. Fruit essential oils contain cyperene (10.8%), β-caryophyllene (10.4%), limonene (8.0%), and caryophyllene oxide (6.8%) [PMID:29347835]. Other identified phytochemicals include Apigenin and Aloe-emodin [PMID:41550785].
Mécanisme d'action
Dianthrone impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which leads to myofiber degeneration [PMID:26894038].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve CDiabetes
Pharmacological evidence suggests potential to control or compensate for diabetes and associated complications [PMID:34560215]. Ethanolic root extracts showed hypoglycemic effects in normal rats with induced hyperglycemia [PMID:33014467].
Preuve DMalaria
Root extracts demonstrated antiplasmodial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice [PMID:36879244, PMID:37583959].
Preuve DWound Healing and Inflammation
Methanol leaf extracts showed 95.04% wound healing and 62.94% anti-inflammatory activity in experimental tests [PMID:41550785].
Preuve DBone Loss/Fracture
Ethanolic extracts of leaf and stem demonstrated efficacy in fracture healing and preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rat models [PMID:30703497].
Preuve DSARS-CoV-2
An herbal combination (PHELA) containing S. occidentalis inhibited >90% of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection in vitro [PMID:35718800].
Sécurité et effets indésirables
The plant is potentially toxic to humans and animals, with seeds being the most poisonous part [PMID:14676015, PMID:26894038]. In humans, ingestion can lead to hepatoencephalopathic syndrome and acute liver failure [PMID:31616727]. Animal studies show severe toxicity including skeletal and cardiac muscle necrosis [PMID:9262958, PMID:15721195, PMID:34437876], hepatic encephalopathy with acute hepatocellular swelling and coagulative necrosis [PMID:34437876], and subacute hepatotoxicity characterized by elevated ALT and AST enzymes and microvesicular steatosis [PMID:32908500]. Chronic administration in rats affected hematopoietic organs [PMID:26435339]. However, hydroalcoholic extracts of stem and leaf showed no hazardous symptoms or death in acute toxicity tests in rats (LD50 > 5 g/kg) [PMID:21571057].
Synthèse des preuves
Evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies, animal models (rats, mice, sheep, pigs, cattle, and chickens), and a single human case report. There are no human clinical trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews provided to establish clinical efficacy or safety in humans.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 34560215 (2022) — Ethnobotanical, phytochemical, toxicology and anti-diabetic potential of Senna occidentalis (L.) link; A review. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
2.PMID: 9262958 (1997) — Mitochondrial myopathy in Senna occidentalis-seed-fed chicken. · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
3.PMID: 26894038 (2016) — Cardiotoxicity of Senna occidentalis in sheep (Ovis aries). · Open veterinary journal
4.PMID: 36879244 (2023) — Senna occidentalis (L.) Link root extract inhibits Plasmodium growth in vitro and in mice. · BMC complementary medicine and therapies
5.PMID: 35046973 (2021) — De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Senna occidentalis Sheds Light on the Anthraquinone Biosynthesis Pathway. · Frontiers in plant science
Sources gouvernementales
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
6.PMID: 37044282 (2023) — Ethnobotanical knowledge on native Brazilian medicinal plants traditionally used as anthelmintic agents - A review. · Experimental parasitology
7.PMID: 29347835 (2019) — Senna occidentalis (L.) Link and Senna hirsuta (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: constituents of fruit essential oils and antimicrobial activity. · Natural product research
8.PMID: 35718800 (2022) — In vitro study on efficacy of PHELA, an African traditional drug against SARS-CoV-2. · Scientific reports
9.PMID: 37583959 (2023) — Antimalarial Efficacy and Safety of Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Root Extract in Plasmodium berghei-Infected BALB/c Mice. · BioMed research international
10.PMID: 41550785 (2023) — Investigation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of Senna occidentalis leaf extract, and in silico screening for both activities. · Pharmaceutical science advances
11.PMID: 34437876 (2021) — Hepatic encephalopathy in swine experimentally poisoned with Senna occidentalis seeds: Effects on astrocytes. · Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
12.PMID: 31616727 (2019) — Senna Occidentalis Poisoning: An Uncommon Cause of Liver Failure. · ACG case reports journal
13.PMID: 32908500 (2020) — Subacute Hepatotoxicity of Extracts of Senna occidentalis Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice. · Journal of toxicology
14.PMID: 21571057 (2011) — Acute and subacute toxicity of Cassia occidentalis L. stem and leaf in Wistar rats. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
15.PMID: 14676015 (2003) — Effects of Senna occidentalis on chick bursa of Fabricius. · Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A
16.PMID: 26435339 (2015) — Effects of long-term administration of Senna occidentalis seeds on the hematopoietic tissue of rats. · Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
17.PMID: 33014467 (2020) — Physiochemical, Insecticidal, and Antidiabetic Activities of Senna occidentalis Linn Root. · Biochemistry research international
18.PMID: 30703497 (2019) — Extract and fraction of Cassia occidentalis L. (a synonym of Senna occidentalis) have osteogenic effect and prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
19.PMID: 15721195 (2005) — Sub-acute intoxication by Senna occidentalis seeds in rats. · Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association