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Coriandrum Sativum Herb
Coriandrum sativum
digestive carminative across all world folk medicines
Coriander seeds contain active compounds, particularly linalool and flavonoids, that may help regulate blood glucose through multiple mechanisms. Research suggests coriander enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and improves cellular glucose uptake. Animal studies indicate it may also inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, slowing glucose absorption. However, human clinical trials are limited, and evidence remains at Level C. Traditional Ayurvedic medicine has used coriander for blood sugar management for centuries, but more rigorous research is needed to confirm these mechanisms in humans.
Does coriander interact with blood thinners or anticoagulants?
Coriander may potentially interact with anticoagulant medications such as warfarin. While culinary amounts of coriander leaves and seeds are generally considered safe, concentrated extracts or therapeutic doses could theoretically enhance blood-thinning effects due to mild anticoagulant properties. Evidence for this interaction is based on pharmacological reasoning rather than documented clinical cases (Level C). Patients taking anticoagulants should consult their healthcare provider before using coriander supplements, though normal culinary use poses minimal risk.
What is the recommended dosage for coriander seed tea?
The standard adult dosage for coriander seed as a medicinal tea is 3-6 grams of dried seeds daily. To prepare, crush the seeds lightly and steep in hot water for 10-15 minutes. This traditional carminative dose has been used across multiple world folk medicine systems for digestive complaints. Fresh coriander leaves (cilantro) can be consumed freely as food. Higher doses have not been well-studied in clinical trials, so staying within the traditional range is recommended. Consult a qualified herbalist for personalized dosing guidance.
Is coriander safe to use during pregnancy?
Yes, coriander is considered safe during pregnancy when used in normal culinary amounts. Both the fresh leaves (cilantro) and seeds have a long history of safe food use across cultures worldwide. As a digestive carminative, coriander seed tea may help relieve common pregnancy-related digestive discomfort. However, concentrated extracts or essential oils should be avoided during pregnancy due to insufficient safety data. Evidence for pregnancy safety is based on traditional use and food-grade status. Always consult your healthcare provider before using any herbs medicinally during pregnancy.
What are the side effects of coriander?
Coriander is generally well-tolerated, with side effects being rare. The most common adverse reaction is allergic response, particularly in individuals with known allergies to plants in the Apiaceae family, such as fennel, dill, or anise. Skin photosensitization has been reported with coriander essential oil, so sun exposure should be limited after topical application. When consumed in normal culinary or therapeutic doses, most people experience no adverse effects. Discontinue use if you experience allergic symptoms such as skin rash, itching, or respiratory discomfort.
What is coriander used for in herbal medicine?
Coriander has been used traditionally across world cultures as a digestive carminative, helping to relieve bloating, gas, and stomach discomfort. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is also used for blood sugar management. The herb demonstrates antimicrobial properties, which explains its widespread historical use in food preservation. Active compounds including linalool, alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene, and flavonoids contribute to these therapeutic effects. Evidence supporting these uses is rated at Level C, meaning benefits are suggested by preliminary research and traditional use, but more clinical trials are needed for definitive conclusions.
PubMed-compiled information sheet
This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 29 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Coriandrum sativum is a widely used culinary spice and medicinal herb recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties [PMID:29433220, PMID:35011441].
Background
Coriandrum sativum, also known as coriander or cilantro, is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae family [PMID:34745916, PMID:35279837]. It is native to Mediterranean regions and is cultivated globally for its edible leaves, stems, and fruits [PMID:34745916, PMID:35279837].
Traditional uses
Traditional uses include treating digestive problems, flatulence, diarrhea, colic, blepharitis, scabies, aphthous stomatitis, laryngitis, headache, palpitation, joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and as a carminative [PMID:34745916, PMID:35279837, PMID:39719783].
Active compounds
The seeds contain a volatile oil primarily composed of linalool and 1,8-cineole [PMID:30000851]. Other bioactive constituents include polyphenols, terpenes, flavonoids, phenylpropenes, isocoumarins, phytosterols, fatty acids (such as petroselinic acid), and specific aldehydes like (E)-2-dodecenal in the leaves [PMID:23281145, PMID:35279837, PMID:37513187, PMID:31311306].
Mechanism of action
Coriander exhibits antioxidant properties that protect against neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic syndrome [PMID:29433220]. Its compounds may interact with gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors [PMID:37513187]. Specifically, (E)-2-dodecenal acts as a potent activator of KCNQ potassium channels [PMID:31311306]. In cardiovascular contexts, it may increase vasodilator factors (PGI2, NO, and eNOS) and downregulate NHE3 mRNA expression in the kidney and small intestine [PMID:35315647].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DHypertension (HFSD-induced)
Oral administration (1.0 or 2.0 g/kg bw) effectively attenuated elevation of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in rats [PMID:35315647]
Evidence DParkinson's Disease (Mouse models)
Coriander leaves (30 and 100 mg/kg) ameliorated motor deficits and dopaminergic neuron loss in both brain-first and gut-first models [PMID:40972938]
Evidence DSeizures (PTZ-induced)
The compound (E)-2-dodecenal from cilantro leaves delayed pentylene tetrazole-induced seizures [PMID:31311306]
Evidence DRenal Malformation (Zebrafish model)
Pretreatment with coriander leaf aqueous extract mitigated kidney malformations induced by aristolochic acid [PMID:38613516]
Safety & adverse effects
Coriander is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a food by the U.S. FDA [PMID:30000851]. However, reports of allergic reactions, photosensitivity, contact dermatitis, and anaphylaxis following ingestion have occurred [PMID:30000851, PMID:23176891].
Pregnancy & lactation
Coriander is purported to be a galactogogue to increase milk supply, but no scientifically valid clinical trials support this use [PMID:30000851]. One case report noted that excessive use of a 10% aqueous extract possibly caused endocrine disruption in a nursing mother [PMID:30000851].
Evidence summary
The majority of evidence is based on review articles (Level C) and in vivo animal or in vitro models (Level D). There is a lack of high-level clinical trial data (Level A or B) in humans.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 30000851 (2006) — Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and its bioactive constituents. · Fitoterapia
2.PMID: 29433220 (2018) — Coriander (Coriandrum sativum): A promising functional food toward the well-being. · Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
3.PMID: 37241925 (2023) — Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Polyphenols and Their Nutraceutical Value against Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
4.PMID: 35080667 (2022) — Agri-biotechnology of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): an inclusive appraisal. · Applied microbiology and biotechnology
5.PMID: 37513187 (2023) — Coriandrum sativum and Its Utility in Psychiatric Disorders. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Government sources
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
PMID: 23281145 (2013) — Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): a potential source of high-value components for functional foods and nutraceuticals--a review. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
7.PMID: 35279837 (2022) — Ethnobotanical and phytochemical aspects of the edible herb Coriandrum sativum L. · Journal of food science
8.PMID: 40972938 (2026) — Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L. leaves) improves brain and gut pathology in mouse models of brain-first and gut-first Parkinson's disease. · The Journal of nutritional biochemistry
9.PMID: 30827604 (2019) — Phytochemical and bioactive profile of Coriandrum sativum L. · Food chemistry
10.PMID: 38540919 (2024) — Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) from Alentejo (South Portugal)-Ethnobotany and Potential Industrial Use. · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
11.PMID: 34745916 (2021) — Neuroprotective effects of Coriandrum sativum and its constituent, linalool: A review. · Avicenna journal of phytomedicine
12.PMID: 30401772 (2018) — The Transferable Resistome of Produce. · mBio
13.PMID: 35011441 (2021) — Coriandrum sativum L.: A Review on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Cardiovascular Benefits. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
14.PMID: 38102554 (2023) — Physiological responses of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide at different concentrations. · BMC plant biology
15.PMID: 19032971 (2009) — Safety assessment of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil as a food ingredient. · Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
17.PMID: 35634386 (2022) — Changes in Functional Compounds, Volatiles, and Antioxidant Properties of Culinary Herb Coriander Leaves (Coriandrum sativum) Stored Under Red and Blue LED Light for Different Storage Times. · Frontiers in nutrition
19.PMID: 35315647 (2022) — Protective Effect of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) on High-Fructose and High-Salt Diet-Induced Hypertension: Relevant to Improvement of Renal and Intestinal Function. · Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
20.PMID: 12520125 (2003) — Water-soluble constituents of coriander. · Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin
21.PMID: 32318724 (2020) — Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet Inactivates Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts on Cilantro. · Journal of food protection
22.PMID: 39719783 (2025) — Coriander: A holistic outlook on its chemistry and pharmacology. · Food chemistry
23.PMID: 31958249 (2020) — A Description of the Possible Etiology of the Cilantro Yellow Blotch Disease. · Plant disease
24.PMID: 27807783 (2017) — Assessment of uptake and phytotoxicity of cyanobacterial extracts containing microcystins or cylindrospermopsin on parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L). · Environmental science and pollution research international
25.PMID: 35449437 (2022) — Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil and oil-loaded nano-formulations as an anti-aging potentiality via TGFβ/SMAD pathway. · Scientific reports
26.PMID: 30646494 (2019) — Phytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Copper Nanoparticles in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum-Apiaceae). · Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
27.PMID: 23176891 (2012) — Anaphylaxis following cilantro ingestion. · Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
28.PMID: 31311306 (2019) — Cilantro leaf harbors a potent potassium channel-activating anticonvulsant. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology