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Compiled from 29 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Plectranthus barbatus (synonym Coleus forskohlii) is a medicinal herb from the Lamiaceae family used traditionally for various respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive ailments [PMID:20178070, PMID:31989223].
Background
Plectranthus barbatus, also known as Coleus forskohlii or Brazilian boldo, is a tropical perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family [PMID:20178070, PMID:31803808, PMID:38024105]. It is widely cultivated in India and used in Hindu, Ayurvedic, and folk medicine across Brazil, tropical Africa, and China [PMID:20178070, PMID:31803808].
Traditional uses
Major ethnobotanical uses include treating intestinal disturbances, liver fatigue, respiratory disorders, heart diseases, and certain nervous system disorders [PMID:20178070, PMID:20186655]. It is also used for bronchitis, asthma, hay fever, angina, and abdominal disorders [PMID:31989223].
Active compounds
The plant contains essential oils, abietane diterpenoids, and 8,13-epoxy-labd-14-en-11-one diterpenoids [PMID:20178070, PMID:20186655]. A primary active constituent is forskolin, a labdane-type diterpenoid found exclusively in the cork tissue of the roots [PMID:33928347, PMID:32893572, PMID:36985280]. Other identified compounds include flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, and organic acids [PMID:38024105].
Mechanism of action
Forskolin acts by stimulating the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which increases the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) [PMID:23023353, PMID:25726172, PMID:38623169]. In the eye, this activates the ciliary epithelium to reduce aqueous humor inflow, thereby decreasing intraocular pressure [PMID:23023353].
Clinical evidence
Evidence CGlaucoma
Topical application of forskolin is capable of reducing intraocular pressure in humans, rabbits, and monkeys [PMID:23023353].
Evidence DHypertension
Hydroethanolic extract of P. barbatus leaves promoted an endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats [PMID:38024105].
Evidence DAllergic Bronchospasm
Intravenous or intratracheal administration of forskolin prevented bronchospasm in sensitized guinea pigs in a dose-related fashion [PMID:2410281].
Safety & adverse effects
A cytogenetic assay in Allium cepa indicated that forskolin may cause genotoxic effects, including significant reductions in mitotic index and increased frequency of chromosome aberrations [PMID:25726172].
Drug interactions
Forskolin may act synergistically with epinephrine, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine [PMID:23023353]. It may enhance the effects of anti-clotting medications such as warfarin, clopidogrel, aspirin, and enoxaparin [PMID:23023353].
Evidence summary
Evidence consists primarily of pharmacological reviews, in vitro studies, and animal models (D), with some clinical review data (C) regarding glaucoma. There is a lack of high-level human clinical trials (A/B) in the provided text.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 23023353 (2012) — Forskolin: upcoming antiglaucoma molecule. · Journal of postgraduate medicine
2.PMID: 20178070 (2010) — Plectranthus barbatus: a review of phytochemistry, ethnobotanical uses and pharmacology - Part 1. · Planta medica
3.PMID: 33928347 (2021) — Progress in heterologous biosynthesis of forskolin. · Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology
4.PMID: 20186655 (2010) — Plectranthus barbatus: a review of phytochemistry, ethnobotanical uses and pharmacology - part 2. · Planta medica
5.PMID: 38024105 (2023) — Role of K+ and Ca2+ Channels in the Vasodilator Effects of Plectranthus barbatus (Brazilian Boldo) in Hypertensive Rats.
Government sources
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
6.PMID: 31989223 (2020) — Coleus forskohlii: advancements and prospects of in vitro biotechnology. · Applied microbiology and biotechnology
7.PMID: 32893572 (2020) — [Recent advances in biosynthesis of forskolin]. · Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
8.PMID: 36985280 (2023) — Changing Rhizosphere Microbial Community and Metabolites with Developmental Stages of Coleus barbatus. · Microorganisms
9.PMID: 31803808 (2019) — Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus infecting coleus (Plectranthus barbatus) in Karnataka. · Virusdisease
10.PMID: 25726172 (2015) — Forskolin: genotoxicity assessment in Allium cepa. · Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis
11.PMID: 38623169 (2024) — Biotechnological interventions for the production of forskolin, an active compound from the medicinal plant, Coleus forskohlii. · Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology
12.PMID: 2410281 (1985) — Bronchodilator and antiallergy activity of forskolin. · European journal of pharmacology