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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 29 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a tropical plant used in traditional medicine for its diverse pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant effects [PMID:37218183, 41323831].
Background
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, commonly known as the shoe flower, is an ever-blossoming plant found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and America [PMID:41323831, 37720793].
Traditional uses
It has been extensively used in conventional and folk medicine worldwide [PMID:37218183, 37720793], and is specifically used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes [PMID:28644857] and traditionally to treat hypertension [PMID:35352670].
Active compounds
The plant contains flavonoids (including quercetin and kaempferol), anthocyanins (such as cyanidin-sophoroside), tannins, terpenoids, saponins, cyclopeptide alkaloids, vitamins, and phthalates [PMID:37218183, 41323831, 36838766, 37720793]. Roots specifically contain glycosides and phytosterols [PMID:37218183].
Mechanism of action
Bioactive compounds scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modulate inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, PPAR-γ, cyclooxygenase) and oxidative markers (MDA, MPO, NO, SOD, GSH) [PMID:41323831]. Cardioprotective effects are linked to the regulation of PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase [PMID:41323831]. Antihypertensive activity is associated with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and Ca2+ channels pathways [PMID:35352670].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DDiabetes/Dyslipidemia
Root extract (500 mg/kg) in diabetic rats significantly decreased blood glucose and plasma lipids and reactivated post heparin lipoprotein lipase activity [PMID:24381420].
Evidence DHypertension
Aqueous extract of flowers (100 mg/kg) in rats demonstrated antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activity [PMID:35352670].
Evidence DBacterial Infections
Chloroform and ethanol extracts showed potent inhibitory effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including S. aureus and E. coli [PMID:40330800].
Evidence DFertility
Ethanolic root extract (400 mg/kg) showed 100% inhibition of implantation and uterotropic activity in rats [PMID:18317554].
Safety & adverse effects
Hibiscus flowers are generally well tolerated, although allergic reactions are possible, including cross-reactions with other Malvaceae family members such as marshmallow and ambrette [PMID:30000942].
Pregnancy & lactation
No scientifically valid clinical trials support its use as a galactogogue, and no data exist on the safety and efficacy of Hibiscus for nursing mothers or infants [PMID:30000942].
Evidence summary
The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (Level D), with a few review articles (Level C) summarizing phytochemical and pharmacological properties. There are no human clinical trials provided in the abstracts.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 37218183 (2024) — A Comprehensive Overview of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.: Its Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Therapeutic Uses, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicology. · Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets
2.PMID: 30000942 (2006) — Burden of knee osteoarthritis in China and globally: 1990-2045. · BMC musculoskeletal disorders
3.PMID: 35158612 (2022) — Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Forage as a Potential Feed for Animals: A Review. · Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
4.PMID: 41323831 (2025) — Hibiscus rosa-sinensis: A Multifunctional Flower Bridging Nutrition, Medicine, and Molecular Therapeutics. · Food science & nutrition
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— Color, Antioxidant Capacity and Flavonoid Composition in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Cultivars.
· Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
6.PMID: 24381420 (2013) — Antidyslipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Root Extract in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. · Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB
7.PMID: 38997637 (2024) — Review of Malaysian medicinal plants with potential wound healing activity. · BMC complementary medicine and therapies
8.PMID: 35352670 (2022) — Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis through Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2), and Ca2+ Channels Pathways. · Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets
9.PMID: 40330800 (2025) — Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial, and Antitumor Potential of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. · Scientifica
10.PMID: 37720793 (2023) — Plant-Based Bioactive Phthalates Derived from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis: As In Vitro and In Silico Enzyme Inhibition. · ACS omega
11.PMID: 18317554 (2008) — Post-Coital Antifertility Activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. roots. · Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
12.PMID: 28644857 (2017) — Beneficial effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower aqueous extract in pregnant rats with diabetes. · PloS one