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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Celastrus paniculatus, also known as Jyotishmati or Malkangni, is an evergreen climbing shrub used in traditional Indian medicine as a nootropic and neuroprotective agent [PMID:34529902, PMID:35005853].
Background
Celastrus paniculatus is a woody climber belonging to the family Celastraceae, distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of India [PMID:25364201, PMID:35199395].
Traditional uses
It is used in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha systems to treat neurological disorders including cognitive dysfunction, paralysis, epilepsy, insomnia, and mentally retarded children, as well as rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica, leprosy, dyspepsia, and stomach ulcers [PMID:34529902, PMID:28066108, PMID:28816560, PMID:31129308]. Leaves are traditionally used for headaches and eye disease [PMID:25364201].
Active compounds
The plant contains a diverse phytoprofile including alkaloids (celastrine, celapanin, celapagin, paniculatine, maymyrsine), sesquiterpenes (beta-dihydroagarofuranoids, malkanguniol, malkangunin, valerenal, globulol, viridiflorol, cubenol), monoterpenes (linalool, alpha-terpinyl acetate, nerol acetate), triterpenoids (lupeol, pristimerin, paniculatadiol, zeylasteral, zeylasterone, beta-amyrin, squalene), diterpenoids (phytone, isophytol), steroids (beta-sitosterol, carpesterol benzoate), and flavonoids (paniculatin) [PMID:34529902, PMID:35199395].
Mechanism of action
Mechanisms include the reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity to improve memory [PMID:20645820], free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activity to attenuate neuronal death [PMID:16360930], and the amelioration of NF-kB mediated neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity [PMID:36809523]. It may also exert neuroprotective effects against apoptotic cell death via GSK-3beta [PMID:38357231].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DCognitive Impairment/Memory
Seed oil and aqueous extracts demonstrated memory-enhancing and nootropic effects in rodent models, reversing scopolamine-induced and sodium nitrite-induced deficits [PMID:9259008, PMID:20645820, PMID:26120226].
Evidence DDepression/Anxiety
Seed oil showed significant antidepressant-like activity in chronic unpredictable stressed mice, comparable to fluoxetine [PMID:27303599, PMID:35943180].
Evidence DEpilepsy
Seed extract reduced seizure severity and cognitive deficits in a PTZ-induced chemical kindling model [PMID:37346867].
Evidence DParkinson's Disease
Aqueous extract showed neuroprotective capacity in a rotenone-induced zebrafish model [PMID:40024951], and seed extract protected against MPP+-induced apoptotic cell death in vitro [PMID:38357231].
Evidence DGastric Ulcers
Seed oil demonstrated effective gastroprotection against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models in rats [PMID:28816560].
Evidence D
Safety & adverse effects
No specific adverse effects are detailed in the provided abstracts, though one review mentions the synthesis of the plant's toxicological profile [PMID:41920476].
Evidence summary
The majority of evidence is based on animal models (rodents, zebrafish) and in vitro studies (Level D) or narrative reviews (Level C). There is a lack of completed human clinical trial data in the provided set, although one RCT protocol for GAD is noted.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 34529902 (2023) — Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Celastrus paniculatus Wild.: a nootropic drug. · Journal of complementary & integrative medicine
2.PMID: 35005853 (2023) — Neuroprotective potential of Celastrus paniculatus seeds against common neurological ailments: a narrative review. · Journal of complementary & integrative medicine
3.PMID: 35199395 (2022) — An extensive review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Indian medicinal plant Celastrus paniculatus Willd. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
4.PMID: 25364201 (2014) — Phytochemical and analytical evaluation of Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus Willd.) leaf extracts. · Ayu
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Methanolic seed extract reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol in rats [PMID:21966115].
Evidence BGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
A randomized controlled trial protocol has been established to compare the efficacy of Jyotishmati capsules versus sertraline [PMID:39114320].
— Application of Green Technologies in Design-Based Extraction of Celastrus paniculatus (Jyotishmati) Seeds, SEM, GC-MS Analysis, and Evaluation for Memory Enhancing Potential.
· Frontiers in nutrition
6.PMID: 37346867 (2023) — Neuroprotective Effect of Celastrus Paniculatus Seed Extract on Epilepsy and Epilepsy-associated Cognitive Deficits. · Basic and clinical neuroscience
7.PMID: 39114320 (2023) — Evaluation of comparative efficacy of Celastrus paniculatus (Jyotishmati) capsule versus sertraline capsule in the management of Chittodvega (generalized anxiety disorder): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. · F1000Research
8.PMID: 26166997 (2015) — Effect of Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus) seeds in animal models of pain and inflammation. · Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine
9.PMID: 27303599 (2016) — Behavioral and Biochemical Evidences for Antidepressant-Like Activity of Celastrus Paniculatus Seed Oil in Mice. · Basic and clinical neuroscience
10.PMID: 36809523 (2023) — Celastrus paniculatus oil ameliorates NF-KB mediated neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment rat model. · Metabolic brain disease
11.PMID: 41920476 (2026) — Celastrus paniculatus Willd.: An Extensive Review of Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Potential, and Safety Profile. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
12.PMID: 28066108 (2016) — Neuroprotective effect of Celastrus paniculatus on chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. · Indian journal of pharmacology
13.PMID: 31129308 (2019) — Traditional uses, secondary metabolites, and pharmacology of Celastrus species - a review. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
14.PMID: 35943180 (2023) — Amelioration of modified chronic unpredictable stress using Celastrus paniculatus seed oil alone and in combination with fluoxetine. · Drug and chemical toxicology
15.PMID: 28816560 (2018) — Gastroprotective and Antiulcer Effects of Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil Against Several Gastric Ulcer Models in Rats. · Journal of dietary supplements
16.PMID: 9259008 (1997) — Reversal of scopolamine-induced deficits in navigational memory performance by the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus. · Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
18.PMID: 21808561 (2010) — Effect of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil (Jyothismati oil) on acute and chronic immobilization stress induced in swiss albino mice. · Pharmacognosy research
19.PMID: 40024951 (2025) — Neuroprotective capacity of Celastrus paniculatus on rotenone-induced parkinsonism in zebrafish model. · Molecular biology reports
20.PMID: 26120226 (2015) — Effect of Jyotiṣmatī seed oil on spatial and fear memory using scopolamine induced amnesia in mice. · Ancient science of life
21.PMID: 38357231 (2024) — Celastrus paniculatus seed extract exhibits neuroprotective effects against MPP+‑induced apoptotic cell death via GSK‑3β in a Parkinson's disease model. · Biomedical reports
22.PMID: 30200490 (2018) — Skin Penetration and Stability Enhancement of Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil by 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Cosmeceutical Applications. · Scientia pharmaceutica
23.PMID: 16360930 (2006) — Celastrus paniculatus seed oil and organic extracts attenuate hydrogen peroxide- and glutamate-induced injury in embryonic rat forebrain neuronal cells. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
24.PMID: 21966115 (2010) — Hypolipidemic Effect of Celastrus paniculatus in Experimentally Induced Hypercholesterolemic Wistar Rats. · Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB