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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 29 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Acanthopanax senticosus (also known as Eleutherococcus senticosus or Siberian ginseng) is an adaptogenic plant native to Northeast Asia used to enhance stress resistance and immune function [PMID:40572479, PMID:31388349].
Background
Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.&Maxim.) Harms, belonging to the Araliaceae family, is a medicinal herb commonly known as Siberian ginseng or Ciwujia [PMID:40409102, PMID:21434569, PMID:30678313]. It is native to Northeast Asia and utilized in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicine [PMID:40572479].
Traditional uses
Traditional applications include the treatment of inflammation, fatigue, and cancer [PMID:31388349]. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is used to invigorate qi, strengthen the spleen, nourish the kidney, invigorate the liver, replenish vitality, strengthen bones, stimulate appetite, and improve memory [PMID:21434569, PMID:33212178].
Active compounds
Bioactive compounds include eleutherosides (specifically eleutheroside B/syringin and eleutheroside E/syringaresinol), lignans, saponins (such as Ciwujianoside C and Eleutheroside A), flavonoids, polysaccharides, coumarins, and phytosterols [PMID:40572479, PMID:30000865, PMID:21434569, PMID:41317222, PMID:40409102].
Mechanism of action
Mechanisms include the inhibition of PI3K/AKT1/mTOR-mediated glycolysis in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to alleviate immunosuppression in gastric cancer [PMID:40409102], inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling to protect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from high glucose-induced injury [PMID:40033807], and suppression of ferroptosis via the NNAT/NF-κB pathway to protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury [PMID:41317222]. It may also regulate autophagic flux via the AMPK/mTOR pathway [PMID:39307910].
Clinical evidence
Evidence CGeneral Adaptogenic Use
Used to increase endurance, improve memory, and boost immunity, although no good human evidence supports these uses [PMID:30000865].
Evidence DImmune Response
Polysaccharides from A. senticosus induce interferon production [PMID:23531136] and stimulate macrophages, antibody formation, and T lymphocyte proliferation [PMID:1841992].
Evidence DNeuroprotection
Extracts improved learning and memory ability in Co-γ ray-irradiated mice by modulating neurotransmitters and gut microbiota [PMID:36971202].
Safety & adverse effects
Generally well tolerated [PMID:30000865]. Reported adverse effects include breast tenderness, and it may increase blood pressure, bleeding, and blood sugar [PMID:30000865]. It has been identified in reports of herbal TCM-induced liver injury (hepatotoxicity) [PMID:26357619].
Pregnancy & lactation
No data exist on the safety and efficacy of eleuthero in nursing mothers or infants [PMID:30000865].
Evidence summary
The evidence consists primarily of review articles and in vitro or animal studies (Level C and D). There is a noted lack of high-quality human clinical evidence to support its traditional uses as an adaptogen [PMID:30000865].
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 40572479 (2025) — Eleutherococcus senticosus (Acanthopanax senticosus): An Important Adaptogenic Plant. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2.PMID: 30000865 (2006) — Acanthopanax senticosus: Photochemistry and Anticancer Potential. · The American journal of Chinese medicine
3.PMID: 40409102 (2025) — Eleutheroside A inhibits PI3K/AKT1/mTOR-mediated glycolysis in MDSCs to alleviate their immunosuppressive function in gastric cancer. · International immunopharmacology
4.PMID: 40033807 (2024) — Syringin protects high glucose-induced BMSC injury, cell senescence, and osteoporosis by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling. · Journal of applied biomedicine
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— Traditional Chinese Medicine Induced Liver Injury.
· Journal of clinical and translational hepatology
6.PMID: 30678313 (2019) — The Chemical Characterization of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Ci-wu-jia Tea using UHPLC-UV-QTOF/MS. · International journal of molecular sciences
7.PMID: 31388349 (2019) — A review on the immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticosus and its active components. · Chinese medicine
8.PMID: 39307910 (2024) — Eleutheroside B Pretreatment Attenuates Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema by Regulating Autophagic Flux via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
9.PMID: 21434569 (2011) — Acanthopanax senticosus: review of botany, chemistry and pharmacology. · Die Pharmazie
10.PMID: 41317222 (2025) — Ciwujianoside C Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Ferroptosis via NNAT-Mediated Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling. · Neurochemical research
11.PMID: 23531136 (2000) — Immunomodulating components from chinese medicines. · Pharmaceutical biology
12.PMID: 1841992 (1991) — Immunomodulating Chinese herbal medicines. · Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
13.PMID: 33212178 (2021) — A review of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr and Maxim.) harms: From ethnopharmacological use to modern application. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
14.PMID: 36971202 (2023) — Acanthopanax senticosus extract alleviates radiation-induced learning and memory impairment based on neurotransmitter-gut microbiota communication. · CNS neuroscience & therapeutics