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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Chenopodium album, also known as Bathua, is a nutritionally and pharmacologically significant herb with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties [PMID:40207816, PMID:40265310].
Background
Chenopodium album (fat-hen or lamb's quarters) is a cosmopolitan annual shrub and widely adapted weed found in temperate and tropical regions across Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America [PMID:30302328, PMID:30623324, PMID:40265310]. It is an allohexaploid plant [PMID:39372839, PMID:27513342].
Traditional uses
In folk medicine, it is used to treat cancer, viral infections, parasitic diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and bacterial or fungal infections [PMID:35337553]. Leaves are applied as a poultice for bug bites, sunstroke, and rheumatic joints, and are used as a mild laxative [PMID:30302328]. It is also traditionally used for the correction of urinary stones and kidney diseases [PMID:27864113].
Active compounds
The plant contains flavonoids (including quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, and 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one), saponins, steroids, phenolics, alkaloids, and ascaridole [PMID:40207816, PMID:30302328, PMID:40265310, PMID:37446567]. It is rich in minerals (Mg, Ca, Fe, K, P), vitamins (ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin), and fibers [PMID:40207816]. Specific phenols and lignans such as ferulic acid, pinoresinol, and syringaresinol have also been identified [PMID:17019936].
Mechanism of action
The plant exhibits antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by DPPH free radical scavenging assays [PMID:35844414]. Ascaridole is noted for contributing to its anthelmintic properties [PMID:37446567].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DHepatotoxicity
Methanolic extract of C. album ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model [PMID:35844414]
Evidence DUrolithiasis
Methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts prevent ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats [PMID:27864113]
C. album polcalcin (Che a 3) is a major cause of cross-reactivity in allergic patients to the Chenopodiaceae family [PMID:32615661]. Pollen from C. album can be allergenic [PMID:12602659, PMID:14083838, PMID:2581481].
Evidence summary
The evidence consists primarily of in vitro phytochemical analyses, animal models (rats), and literature reviews. There is a lack of human clinical trial data.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 12602659 (2003) — Lamb's quarter, Chenopodium album. · Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
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6.PMID: 32647451 (2020) — Enhanced oxidative stress, damage and inadequate antioxidant defense contributes towards insufficient recovery in water deficit stress and heat stress combination compared to either stresses alone in Chenopodium album (Bathua). · Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology
7.PMID: 36358300 (2022) — Seed Germination Ecology of Chenopodium album and Chenopodium murale. · Biology
8.PMID: 37446567 (2023) — A Compiled Update on Nutrition, Phytochemicals, Processing Effects, Analytical Testing and Health Effects of Chenopodium album: A Non-Conventional Edible Plant (NCEP). · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
9.PMID: 39532949 (2024) — Nutritional composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant potentiality of some indigenous vegetables consumed in Bangladesh. · Scientific reports
10.PMID: 36181421 (2022) — Inheritance of dicamba-resistance in allotetraploid Chenopodium album. · Pest management science
11.PMID: 35844414 (2022) — Chenopodium album extract ameliorates carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rat model. · Saudi journal of biological sciences
12.PMID: 36251670 (2022) — Germination ecology of Chenopodium album L. and implications for weed management. · PloS one
13.PMID: 37608870 (2023) — Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical, Functional, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Microgreens from Different Botanical Sources. · ACS omega
14.PMID: 36298721 (2022) — Interspecies Recombination-Led Speciation of a Novel Geminivirus in Pakistan. · Viruses
15.PMID: 36190302 (2023) — Molecular Characterization of Peronospora variabilis Isolates Infecting Chenopodium quinoa and Chenopodium album in Spain. · Plant disease
16.PMID: 35337553 (2022) — Genetic diversity, antimicrobial, nutritional, and phytochemical properties of Chenopodium album: A comprehensive review. · Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
17.PMID: 30302328 (2018) — Extraction, isolation and identification of flavonoid from Chenopodium album aerial parts. · Journal of traditional and complementary medicine
18.PMID: 40265310 (2025) — Chemical Diversity and Health-Promoting Attributes of Chenopodium album: Nutritional and Pharmacological Perspectives. · Chemistry & biodiversity
19.PMID: 27513342 (2016) — Allopolyploid Origin of Chenopodium album s. str. (Chenopodiaceae): A Molecular and Cytogenetic Insight. · PloS one
20.PMID: 30623324 (2019) — A global perspective on the biology, impact and management of Chenopodium album and Chenopodium murale: two troublesome agricultural and environmental weeds. · Environmental science and pollution research international
21.PMID: 32615661 (2020) — Rational Design of Hypoallergenic Vaccines: Blocking IgE-binding to Polcalcin Using Allergen-specific IgG Antibodies. · Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology
22.PMID: 36119601 (2022) — Sesquiterpenes from Ambrosia artemisiifolia and their allelopathy. · Frontiers in plant science
23.PMID: 27864113 (2017) — Chenopodium album Linn. leaves prevent ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
24.PMID: 9373874 (1997) — Effect of home processing and storage on ascorbic acid and beta-carotene content of Bathua (Chenopodium album) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) leaves. · Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
25.PMID: 10517284 (1999) — Effect of domestic processing on total and extractable calcium and zinc content of bathua (Chenopodium album) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) leaves. · Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
26.PMID: 40609007 (2025) — Impact of white goosefoot, sunflower, wheat, and soybean on the developmental and fecundity performance of the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). · Journal of economic entomology
27.PMID: 10844177 (2000) — Saponins from Chenopodium album. · Fitoterapia
28.PMID: 2581481 (1985) — Cross-reactivity among Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae. · Annals of allergy
29.PMID: 17019936 (2006) — Phenols and lignans from Chenopodium album. · Phytochemical analysis : PCA
30.PMID: 36771551 (2023) — Genomic Sequence of Canadian Chenopodium berlandieri: A North American Wild Relative of Quinoa. · Plants (Basel, Switzerland)