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Compiled from 17 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Launaea taraxacifolia, also known as African lettuce, is a medicinal herb and vegetable primarily found in tropical Africa with demonstrated antioxidant and pharmacological activities [PMID:30147733, PMID:29456385].
Background
Launaea taraxacifolia (Asteraceae) is a leafy vegetable endemic to parts of southwest Nigeria and widely distributed across Africa, from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Southern Africa [PMID:38827252, PMID:27631192]. It is sometimes classified as a weed in West and Central Africa and has been naturalized in Asia, North America, Europe, and North Africa [PMID:38827252].
Traditional uses
The plant is used in West Africa to manage cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological, endocrine, and metabolic diseases [PMID:30147733]. Specific traditional applications include the treatment of hypertension, anemia, diabetes, bleeding, dyslipidemia, and liver diseases [PMID:32544019, PMID:29456385]. It is also used by people in Western Africa to treat malaria and related symptoms [PMID:28050307].
Active compounds
The essential oil of the leaves is dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (78.1%), including limonene (48.8%), sabinene (18.8%), and (E)-β-ocimene (4.6%), as well as oxygenated monoterpenoids (16.2%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (2.1%), oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (0.3%), and non-terpenoid derivatives (3.3%) [PMID:32664478].
Mechanism of action
The herb exhibits antioxidant activity through the scavenging of DPPH, nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH) radicals, as well as metal chelating and anti-lipid peroxidation abilities [PMID:29456385]. In diabetic models, it ameliorates complications via antioxidant mechanisms, specifically affecting reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities [PMID:32812931]. It may also act as a galactagogue by stimulating hyperprolactinaemia [PMID:32010724].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DDiabetes (Animal Model)
Leaf partitions reversed hyperglycemia within seven days and ameliorated pathophysiological complications via antioxidant mechanisms [PMID:32812931]
Methanolic extracts possess antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice [PMID:28050307]
Evidence DCancer (In Vitro)
Crude aqueous extracts showed antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on WHC01 esophageal cancer cells [PMID:27631192]
Evidence DLactation (Animal Model)
n-hexane leaf fraction exhibited galactopoietic potential by increasing serum prolactin and oxytocin levels [PMID:32010724]
Safety & adverse effects
In a 28-day subacute toxicity study in male Wistar rats, doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight showed no signs of toxicity, mortality, or treatment-related abnormalities in biochemical and hematological parameters [PMID:32544019]. A limit test dose of 5000 mg/kg also did not provoke death or toxicity signs [PMID:32544019].
Drug interactions
L. taraxacifolia may have herb-drug interaction potential through the inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 [PMID:27631192].
Evidence summary
The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (Level D), demonstrating significant antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-diabetic potential, with preliminary safety data in rats.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 30147733 (2018) — The Ethnopharmacological and Nutraceutical Relevance of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey. · Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
2.PMID: 27631192 (2016) — African Lettuce (Launaea taraxacifolia) Displays Possible Anticancer Effects and Herb-Drug Interaction Potential by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 Inhibition. · Omics : a journal of integrative biology
3.PMID: 29456385 (2018) — DNA Damage Protecting Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Launaea taraxacifolia Leaves Extract. · Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine
4.PMID: 32544019 (2020) — Toxicological Studies of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd) Amin Ex C. Jeffrey on Wistar Rats. · Journal of medicinal food
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— Launaea taraxacifolia leaf partitions ameliorate alloxan-induced pathophysiological complications via antioxidant mechanisms in diabetic rats.
· Metabolism open
6.PMID: 38827252 (2024) — Dataset on evaluation of intra-specific genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey in southwest Nigeria using rbcL gene maker. · Data in brief
7.PMID: 32664478 (2020) — Composition of the Essential Oil and Insecticidal Activity of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey Growing in Nigeria. · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
8.PMID: 36789818 (2022) — Antihypertensive action of Launaea taraxacifolia and its molecular mechanism of action. · Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
9.PMID: 33389949 (2020) — Phytobiological-facilitated Production of Silver Nanoparticles From Selected Non-cultivated Vegetables in Nigeria and Their Biological Potential. · Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences
10.PMID: 28471730 (2017) — A Vegetable, Launaea taraxacifolia, Mitigated Mercuric Chloride Alteration of the Microanatomy of Rat Brain. · Journal of dietary supplements
12.PMID: 34156587 (2021) — Influence of Crescentia cujete and Launaea taraxacifolia leaves on growth, immune indices, gut microbiota, blood chemistry, carcass, and meat quality in broiler chickens. · Tropical animal health and production
13.PMID: 29360627 (2018) — Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey inhibits oxidative damage and econucleotidase followed by increased cellular ATP in testicular cells of rats exposed to metropolitan polluted river water. · Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology
14.PMID: 24919929 (2015) — Cisplatin-induced testicular dysfunction and its amelioration by Launaea taraxacifolia leaf extract. · Andrologia
15.PMID: 32010724 (2019) — Effects of Launaea taraxacifolia and resveratrol on milk yield and serum prolactin and oxytocin levels: a lactogenic study. · International journal of veterinary science and medicine
16.PMID: 28050307 (2016) — Inhibition of In Vivo Growth of Plasmodium berghei by Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis in Mice. · Malaria research and treatment
17.PMID: 26891286 (2016) — Inhibition of CYP2B6 by Medicinal Plant Extracts: Implication for Use of Efavirenz and Nevirapine-Based Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) in Resource-Limited Settings. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)