How does Phellinus linteus work in the body?

Phellinus linteus works primarily as an immune modulator. Its active compounds, specifically polysaccharides and glycoproteins, stimulate the activity of crucial immune cells like macrophages and natural killer cells. Additionally, compounds such as hispolon and protocatechualdehyde help inhibit inflammatory pathways and induce apoptosis in abnormal cells, contributing to its anti-tumor and antiviral properties. Evidence Level: C.

Does Phellinus linteus interact with blood thinners?

Yes, Phellinus linteus may interact with anticoagulant medications. Due to its potential anti-platelet properties, taking this mushroom alongside blood thinners like warfarin or aspirin could increase the risk of bleeding and bruising. Patients on anticoagulant therapy should exercise caution and consult a healthcare provider before adding this supplement to their regimen. Evidence Level: C.

What is the recommended dosage for Phellinus linteus?

The standard recommended dosage for adults is 500mg to 1500mg of extract daily. This dosage is typically divided into two or three doses throughout the day to maintain consistent levels. Because product concentrations vary, users should follow specific manufacturer guidelines or consult a medical herbalist for personalized dosing. Evidence Level: Traditional.

Is Phellinus linteus safe to take during pregnancy?

No, Phellinus linteus is considered unsafe during pregnancy. Due to its potent immunostimulant effects and a lack of safety data regarding fetal development, pregnant women should avoid this herb. It is also contraindicated for breastfeeding mothers. Women who are pregnant or trying to conceive should consult a doctor before use. Evidence Level: D.

Can Phellinus linteus be used for cancer support?

Phellinus linteus is traditionally used for cancer support due to its immunostimulant and anti-tumor properties. Research suggests it may help inhibit tumor growth and improve immune response, often as an adjunct therapy. However, current evidence is limited to preclinical studies (Evidence Level C), so it should not replace conventional medical treatments without oncologist supervision.

Who should not take Phellinus linteus?

Individuals with autoimmune conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis should avoid Phellinus linteus. Because it stimulates the immune system, it could exacerbate autoimmune symptoms. Additionally, those taking anticoagulant medications or preparing for surgery should avoid it due to potential bleeding risks. Evidence Level: C.

Phellinus Linteus (Phellinus linteus)

PubMed-compiled information sheet

This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.

Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b

Summary

Phellinus linteus is a medicinal mushroom widely used in Asian countries with reported antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities [PMID:36271377, PMID:31100959].

Background

Phellinus linteus (also known as Sanghuang, meshimakobu, or black hoof mushroom) is a medicinal fungus used in China, Korea, and other Asian countries [PMID:27343366, PMID:32274562].

Traditional uses

Traditional Chinese medicine applications include treating hemorrhage, hemostasis, diseases related to female menstruation [PMID:27343366], and preventing ailments such as gastroenteric dysfunction, diarrhea, and cancers [PMID:18537612].

Active compounds

Bioactive components include polysaccharides, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, furans [PMID:31100959], hispolon (a polyphenol) [PMID:32768475, PMID:38991301], 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone [PMID:41270695], phellilane L (a sesquiterpene) [PMID:29090580], and styrylpyrones [PMID:36835095].

Mechanism of action

Mechanisms include the activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways for hepatoprotection [PMID:36057264], inhibition of Mical2 expression via exosome-like nanovesicles for anti-photoaging [PMID:36271377], and modulation of gut microbiota to increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and regulate bile acid metabolism to improve insulin resistance [PMID:31914668, PMID:38340923]. Hispolon targets PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways to induce apoptosis and halt the cell cycle [PMID:32768475].

Clinical evidence

Evidence DDiabetes/Insulin Resistance

Polysaccharides (PLP/PLPE) reduced fasting blood glucose, ameliorated glucose intolerance, and reversed insulin resistance by modifying gut microbiota and hepatic phospholipids [PMID:30177151, PMID:31914668, PMID:38340923]

Evidence DHepatotoxicity

Polysaccharides alleviated acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by reducing ALT and AST levels and promoting the AMPK pathway [PMID:36057264]

Evidence DCancer (Various)

Demonstrated antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo across thyroid carcinoma [PMID:35079934], glioblastoma [PMID:28618133], gastric cancer [PMID:36395664], and hepatoma cells [PMID:39806945], often by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting metastasis [PMID:18537612, PMID:32768475]

Evidence DSkin Aging

Volunteer testing showed anti-aging activity associated with exosome-like nanovesicles [PMID:36271377]

Evidence DRetinal Injury

3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone reduced glial activation and oxidative stress in rat models of ischemia-reperfusion injury [PMID:41270695]

Safety & adverse effects

Studies indicate that P. linteus induces apoptosis in carcinomas without causing measurable toxic effects to normal cells [PMID:18537612]; it showed less toxic side effects on gastric epithelial cells compared to gastric cancer cells [PMID:36395664].

Drug interactions

Research suggests P. linteus may enhance the effects of some conventional chemotherapeutic drugs [PMID:18537612].

Evidence summary

The evidence is primarily based on in vitro cell cultures, animal models (rats/mice), and review articles, with limited volunteer testing for skin aging. There is a lack of high-level clinical trial data (RCTs) or meta-analyses in the provided set.

PubMed sources

1.PMID: 36271377 (2022) — Exosome-like nanovesicles derived from Phellinus linteus inhibit Mical2 expression through cross-kingdom regulation and inhibit ultraviolet-induced skin aging. · Journal of nanobiotechnology
2.PMID: 27343366 (2016) — Traditional uses, fermentation, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phellinus linteus: A review. · Fitoterapia
3.PMID: 38072341 (2024) — Phellinus linteus polysaccharides: A review on their preparation, structure-activity relationships, and drug delivery systems. · International journal of biological macromolecules
4.PMID: 32274562 (2020) — Mushroom extracts and compounds with suppressive action on breast cancer: evidence from studies using cultured cancer cells, tumor-bearing animals, and clinical trials. · Applied microbiology and biotechnology
5.PMID: 18537612

Phellinus Linteus

Sources & Citations