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PubMed · Rosa damascena as holy ancient herb with novel applications. (2016)
PubMed · Rosa Damascena mill for treating adults' anxiety, depression, and stress: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2021)
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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Rosa damascena, known as the damask rose, is an ornamental-medicinal plant used globally in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries [PMID:37836168, PMID:38794435].
Background
Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae), commonly known as the damask rose, is a scented rose species cultivated primarily for the production of essential oils [PMID:37836168, PMID:37149069].
Traditional uses
Traditionally used in Unani medicine and Ayurveda for the management of chest and abdominal pain, constipation, digestive disorders, menstrual bleeding, liver ailments, hyperacidity, vata, and pitta [PMID:37149069, PMID:31709541, PMID:36461291, PMID:26870673].
Active compounds
Key components of the essential oil include citronellol, geraniol, nonadecane, heneicosane, caryophyllene, nerol, linalool, and phenyl ethyl acetate [PMID:37836168, PMID:31709541, PMID:26870673]. Other bioactive constituents include 2-phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA), flavonoids (flavones, flavonols), carotenoids, and phenolic acids such as protocatechuic, gallic, syringic, and ferulic acids [PMID:37149069, PMID:33478154, PMID:36461291, PMID:40232048].
Mechanism of action
2-phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) isolated from the spent floral distillate exhibits vasorelaxant properties [PMID:37149069]. In rat models of scopolamine-induced amnesia, Rosa damascena essential oil (RDEO) demonstrated cholinergic-supporting and cognitive-enhancing effects by influencing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) expression, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels [PMID:38688895].
Clinical evidence
Evidence BLabor Pain and Anxiety
Aromatherapy with Damask rose significantly reduced anxiety and pain scores in primiparous women during the latent period of the first stage of labor compared to placebo and control groups [PMID:39212535]
Evidence BBurn Wound Dressing Pain
Inhalation aromatherapy with damask rose essence significantly reduced pain intensity after dressing in patients with second- and third-degree burn wounds [PMID:27186201]
Evidence AAcute Pain (General)
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs on the analgesic activity of Damask rose aromatherapy for various acute pain conditions reported inconclusive results [PMID:33197671]
Evidence APrimary Dysmenorrhea and PMS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs regarding the effects of R. damascena on menstruation-related pain, headache, fatigue, anxiety, and bloating reported inconclusive results [PMID:34485569]
Evidence CMigraine
Damask rose is identified as a phytomedicine potentially useful for the treatment of migraine [PMID:30627973]
Pregnancy & lactation
Damask rose aromatherapy was reported as a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for reducing anxiety and pain in women during the latent period of labor [PMID:39212535].
Evidence summary
Evidence is mixed; while individual RCTs show efficacy for specific acute pain (burns, labor), systematic reviews and meta-analyses for general acute pain and dysmenorrhea report inconclusive results. Much of the pharmacological data is based on reviews or animal models.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 34485569 (2021) — Effects of Rosa damascena (Damask rose) on menstruation-related pain, headache, fatigue, anxiety, and bloating: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. · Journal of education and health promotion
2.PMID: 30627973 (2019) — Phytomedicines in the Treatment of Migraine. · CNS drugs
3.PMID: 37836168 (2023) — Do Abiotic Stresses Affect the Aroma of Damask Roses? · Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
4.PMID: 37149069 (2023) — Vasorelaxant property of 2-phenyl ethyl alcohol isolated from the spent floral distillate of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) and its possible mechanism. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
A traditional herbal formula containing Melissa officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, and Rosa damascena was evaluated for effects on anxiety and depression in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome [PMID:38937193]
— In Vitro Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of 'Kashan' and 'Hervy Azerbaijan' Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Genotypes for Cosmetic and Ornamental Applications.
· Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
6.PMID: 33197671 (2021) — Effect of aromatherapy with Damask rose on alleviating adults' acute pain severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. · Complementary therapies in medicine
7.PMID: 33478154 (2021) — Rose Flowers-A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer? · Biomolecules
8.PMID: 38688895 (2024) — A comprehensive assessment of the cholinergic-supporting and cognitive-enhancing effects of Rosa damascena Mill. (Damask rose) essential oil on scopolamine-induced amnestic rats. · Brain and behavior
9.PMID: 27186201 (2016) — The effect of inhalation aromatherapy with damask rose (Rosa damascena) essence on the pain intensity after dressing in patients with burns: A clinical randomized trial. · Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
10.PMID: 40232048 (2025) — Valorisation of hydrodistillation by-products from Damask Rose (Rosa damascena): extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of phenolic compounds with biological properties. · International journal of environmental health research
11.PMID: 31709541 (2020) — Chemical constituents, experimental and clinical pharmacology of Rosa damascena: a literature review. · The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
12.PMID: 36461291 (2022) — Edible rose flowers: A doorway to gastronomic and nutraceutical research. · Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
13.PMID: 26870673 (2016) — Rosa damascena as holy ancient herb with novel applications. · Journal of traditional and complementary medicine
14.PMID: 39212535 (2024) — Effects of Rosa damascena on Labor Pain and Anxiety in Primiparous Women. · Holistic nursing practice
15.PMID: 38937193 (2024) — Effects of a traditional herbal formula containing Melissa officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, and Rosa damascena on anxiety and depression in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C): A double-blind randomized clinical trial. · Explore (New York, N.Y.)