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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Tetrapleura tetraptera is a medicinal plant native to tropical Africa, particularly West Africa, used traditionally for various ailments and recognized for its rich phytochemical composition [PMID:39443881, PMID:36470194].
Background
Tetrapleura tetraptera (family Fabaceae/Mimosaceae) is a robust perennial tree reaching approximately 30m, characterized by four-winged pods and a pungent aromatic odor [PMID:20162069]. It is primarily found in the lowland forests of tropical Africa [PMID:32841692, PMID:20162069].
Traditional uses
Traditionally used in West Africa as a spice in postpartum care and in herbal decoctions to treat inflammation, brain disorders, asthma, epilepsy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, schistosomiasis, leprosy, and rheumatoid pains [PMID:36470194, PMID:32841692, PMID:15507333, PMID:20162069].
Active compounds
The plant contains phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and glycosides [PMID:38515660, PMID:31844702, PMID:34335807]. Specific identified compounds include aridanin, naringenin, ferulic acid, scopoletin, rutin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and various flavan-3-ol derivatives [PMID:33552925, PMID:36524784, PMID:35545131].
Mechanism of action
Proposed mechanisms include antioxidant activity by restoring oxidative stress markers [PMID:32841692, PMID:39363566], potential GABAergic and CNS depressant activities [PMID:39443881], and induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells [PMID:37866463].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DProstate Cancer
Isolates (aridanin and oleanane-3-O-β-D-glucoside-2'-acetamide) induced potent apoptotic activity in human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, PC3, LNCaP) [PMID:37866463].
Evidence DCerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Methanol fruit extract reduced behavioral deficits and ameliorated oxidative stress in male Wistar rats [PMID:32841692].
Evidence DInflammation and Diabetes
Fruit aqueous extract produced dose-related reductions in acute inflammation (rat hind paw oedema) and hypoglycaemic effects in rats [PMID:15507333].
Evidence DEpilepsy/Seizures
Fruit extracts ameliorated pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and cognitive deficits in rats [PMID:40072755]; aqueous extract showed dose-dependent analgesic and anticonvulsant effects in mice [PMID:16372367].
Evidence DMale Fertility
Fruit peel extract significantly increased sperm count, motility, and normal morphology in male Sprague-Dawley rats [PMID:34746822].
Evidence D
Safety & adverse effects
Hot water extract (HWETTF) showed no significant toxicity in acute or subchronic studies in rodents [PMID:39443881]. Another study on fruit extract (TTF) also evaluated toxicity in rats according to OECD protocols, though specific adverse outcomes were not detailed in the abstract [PMID:35787267].
Evidence summary
The current evidence is primarily based on preclinical studies (in vitro cell lines and in vivo rodent/insect models), indicating a low overall strength of clinical evidence (Level D).
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 40571231 (2025) — Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit (Schumach. & Thonn.) Taub. as a prospective anti-prostate cancer agent revealed through network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamics, and in vitro studies. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
2.PMID: 39443881 (2024) — Unveiling phytochemical diversity and safety profile of hot water extract from Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit. · BMC complementary medicine and therapies
3.PMID: 36470194 (2023) — Phytochemical composition, bioactive properties, and toxicological profile of Tetrapleura tetraptera. · Bioorganic chemistry
4.PMID: 35545131 (2022) — Flavanols from Tetrapleura tetraptera with cytotoxic activities. · Fitoterapia
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Topical stem-bark extract promoted healing of excision and incision wounds in rats by increasing epithelialization and tensile strength [PMID:26401349].
Evidence DSchistosomiasis
Aqueous extracts and aridanin act as potent molluscicides against snail intermediate hosts and reduce worm recovery in infected mice [PMID:2615433, PMID:2255208, PMID:2038664].
Evidence DMalaria
Ethanol fruit extract exhibited significant blood schizonticidal activity in Plasmodium berghei infected mice [PMID:17236733].
— Nutritive value, biological properties, health benefits and applications of Tetrapleura tetraptera: An updated comprehensive review.
· Heliyon
6.PMID: 36524784 (2023) — Optimized pressurized hot water extraction, HPLC/LC-MS characterization, and bioactivity of Tetrapleura tetraptera L. dry fruit polyphenols. · Journal of food science
7.PMID: 16372367 (2005) — Analgesic and anticonvulsant properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) (Fabaceae) fruit aqueous extract in mice. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
8.PMID: 32841692 (2021) — Abatement of neurobehavioral and neurochemical dysfunctions in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit extract. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
9.PMID: 37851179 (2023) — Human schistosomiasis in Nigeria: present status, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and herbal medicines. · Parasitology research
10.PMID: 34746822 (2021) — Aqueous extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit peels influence copulatory behavior and maintain testicular integrity in sexually mature male Sprague-Dawley rats: Pro-fertility evaluation and histomorphometry evidence. · Current research in physiology
11.PMID: 20162069 (2006) — Tetrapleura tetraptera: molluscicidal activity and chemical constituents. · African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM
12.PMID: 2038664 (1991) — Plant molluscicides: potential of Aridan, Tetrapleura tetraptera, for schistosomiasis control in Nigeria. · The Science of the total environment
13.PMID: 31844702 (2019) — Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and metal chelating capacity of Tetrapleura tetraptera. · Heliyon
14.PMID: 15507333 (2004) — Anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) [Fabaceae] fruit aqueous extract in rats. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
15.PMID: 36923892 (2023) — Production of herbal toothpaste: Physical, organoleptic, phyto-compound, and antimicrobial properties. · Heliyon
16.PMID: 35787267 (2022) — Cytotoxicity, acute and sub-chronic toxicities of the fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumm. & Thonn.) Taub. (Fabaceae). · BMC complementary medicine and therapies
17.PMID: 39363566 (2024) — Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit phenolics fraction protects against the impact of ischemic stroke-induced hippocampal distortions and memory deficits in Wistar rats. · Anatomy & cell biology
18.PMID: 39520720 (2026) — Triterpenoid saponins from the fruit pulp of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Fabaceae). · Natural product research
19.PMID: 17236733 (2007) — Antimalaria activity of ethanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
20.PMID: 33552925 (2021) — Reduction of anoxia-induced bioenergetic disturbance in astrocytes by methanol fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera and in silico evaluation of the effect of its antioxidative constituents on excitotoxicity. · Toxicology reports
21.PMID: 34335807 (2021) — Antiproliferative Activities of Methanolic Extract and Fractions of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruit. · Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
22.PMID: 33253828 (2021) — Cytotoxic phytochemicals from the crude extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruits towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
23.PMID: 37866463 (2024) — Aridanin and oleanane-3- O-β-D-glucoside-2'-acetamide obtained from Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. & Thonn) Taub. (Fabaceae) induces potent apoptotic activity in human prostate cancer cells. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
24.PMID: 2615433 (1989) — Evaluation of aridanin, a glycoside, and Aridan, an aqueous extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit, on Schistosoma mansoni and S. bovis. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
25.PMID: 33991727 (2021) — Anti-trypanosomal and anthelminthic properties of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub. · Veterinary parasitology
26.PMID: 36400870 (2022) — Chemical composition, antibacterial efficacy, and antioxidant capacity of essential oil and oleoresin from Monodora myristica and Tetrapleura tetraptera in Southeast Nigeria. · Scientific reports
27.PMID: 40072755 (2025) — Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit extracts ameliorate pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures as well as ensuing cognitive deficit and oxidative stress. · Metabolic brain disease
28.PMID: 2255208 (1990) — Molluscicidal trials and correlation between the presence of Tetrapleura tetraptera in an area and the absence of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis in southwest Nigeria. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
29.PMID: 39637735 (2025) — Ameliorative role of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) taub in cadmium chloride-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster using in vivo and computational approaches. · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
30.PMID: 26401349 (2014) — Topically applied Tetrapleura tetraptera stem-bark extract promotes healing of excision and incision wounds in rats. · Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology