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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Waltheria indica is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Africa, South America, and Hawaii, primarily for treating inflammatory conditions and asthma [PMID:23608240, PMID:38975151].
Background
Waltheria indica L. (syn. Waltheria americana), also known as the 'sleepy morning plant', is a widely distributed plant in West Africa and other regions [PMID:23608240, PMID:38975151, PMID:40906737].
Traditional uses
It is used in traditional medicine against pain, inflammation, diarrhea, dysentery, conjunctivitis, wounds, abscess, epilepsy, convulsions, anemia, erectile dysfunctions, bladder ailments, asthma, and cancer [PMID:23608240, PMID:28359850].
Active compounds
Identified compounds include quinoline-4(1H)-one derivatives [PMID:37331574], quinolone alkaloids such as waltheriones A-V [PMID:26848627, PMID:33095014, PMID:30701660], flavonoids including quercetin, tiliroside, and (-)-epicatechin [PMID:15863905, PMID:33359867], and coumarinolignans (walthindicins A-F) [PMID:35630746].
Mechanism of action
The plant exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) [PMID:34885813, PMID:33359867], modulation of IL-1B, TNF-alpha, TNFRII, and NF-kappaB in human macrophages [PMID:31686273], and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production [PMID:37331574, PMID:15863905]. It also demonstrates bronchorelaxant activity on rat trachea [PMID:33995014, PMID:23789886].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DInflammation
Extracts and isolated flavonoids (quercetin, tiliroside) significantly inhibit NO, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 in activated macrophages [PMID:15863905].
Evidence DAsthma/Bronchoconstriction
Leafy stem extracts demonstrate a relaxant effect on acetylcholine- and potassium chloride-induced contractions in rat-isolated tracheal preparations [PMID:33995014].
Evidence DUlcerative Colitis
Aqueous extract of leafy stems was evaluated for effects on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats [PMID:39934536].
Evidence DTrypanosomiasis
Quinoline alkaloids from root extracts show potent in vitro growth inhibition toward Trypanosoma cruzi [PMID:26072041, PMID:25314007].
Safety & adverse effects
Administration of crude ethanolic root extract in male Wistar rats (400 and 800 mg/kg BW) resulted in a significant reduction in sperm count and motility and an increase in abnormal sperm cells [PMID:31433783].
Evidence summary
The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (Level D), demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and bronchorelaxant potential, though some toxicity was noted in male reproductive parameters in rats.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 23608240 (2013) — Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Waltheria indica L. (syn. Waltheria americana): a review. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
2.PMID: 38975151 (2024) — A review of the safety profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bronchorelaxant activities of Waltheria indica Linn (Malvaceae): A potential antiasthmatic phytomedicine. · Heliyon
3.PMID: 37331574 (2023) — Anti-inflammatory quinoline-4(1H)-one derivatives from the aerial parts of Waltheria indica linn. · Phytochemistry
4.PMID: 34885813 (2021) — Activity-Guided Characterization of COX-2 Inhibitory Compounds in Waltheria indica L. Extracts. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— Antifungal Quinoline Alkaloids from Waltheria indica.
· Journal of natural products
6.PMID: 31686273 (2020) — Anti-inflammatory activities of Waltheria indica extracts by modulating expression of IL-1B, TNF-α, TNFRII and NF-κB in human macrophages. · Inflammopharmacology
7.PMID: 30701660 (2019) — Control of root-knot nematodes using Waltheria indica producing 4-quinolone alkaloids. · Pest management science
8.PMID: 38371022 (2024) — The Potential of Cochlospermum tinctorium, Flueggea virosa, and Waltheria indica Traditional Plants From Burkina Faso in Treating Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. · Cureus
9.PMID: 33359867 (2021) — Identification of plant metabolite classes from Waltheria Indica L. extracts regulating inflammatory immune responses via COX-2 inhibition. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
10.PMID: 36746775 (2023) — Anti-inflammatory Quinoline Alkaloids from the Roots of Waltheria indica. · Journal of natural products
11.PMID: 31433783 (2019) — Adverse reproductive effects of ethanolic root extract of Waltheria indica in male Wistar rats. · Journal of complementary & integrative medicine
12.PMID: 33095014 (2020) — Pyridine-4(1H)-one Alkaloids from Waltheria indica as Antitrypanosomatid Agents. · Journal of natural products
13.PMID: 28359850 (2017) — Cancer chemopreventive activity of compounds isolated from Waltheria indica. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
14.PMID: 40906737 (2025) — Investigation of Waltheria indica L. (sleepy morning plant) as pathogen killing agent from shallow well water revealed a potential alternative for water disinfection. · PloS one
15.PMID: 38825721 (2024) — Dereplication of 4-Quinolone Alkaloids from Waltheria Indica (Malvaceae) Tissues Using Molecular Network Tools. · Chemistry & biodiversity
16.PMID: 23789886 (2014) — Bioguidage search of active compounds from Waltheria indica L. (Malvaceae) used for asthma and inflammation treatment in Burkina Faso. · Fundamental & clinical pharmacology
17.PMID: 35630746 (2022) — Coumarinolignans with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and NF-κB Inhibitory Activities from the Roots of Waltheria indica. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
18.PMID: 26072041 (2015) — Chemical constituents from Waltheria indica exert in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi. · Fitoterapia
19.PMID: 39934536 (2025) — Effects of aqueous extract of Waltheria indica (Sterculiaceae) leafy stems on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. · Inflammopharmacology
20.PMID: 25314007 (2014) — Antitrypanosomal quinoline alkaloids from the roots of Waltheria indica. · Journal of natural products
21.PMID: 30079739 (2018) — Total Synthesis of Waltherione F, a Nonrutaceous 3-Methoxy-4-quinolone, Isolated from Waltheria indica L. F. · Organic letters
22.PMID: 15863905 (2005) — Inhibitory effects of the flavonoids isolated from Waltheria indica on the production of NO, TNF-alpha and IL-12 in activated macrophages. · Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
23.PMID: 35270103 (2022) — Ethnobotanical Survey of Local Flora Used for Medicinal Purposes among Indigenous People in Five Areas in Lagos State, Nigeria. · Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
24.PMID: 17061789 (2006) — Distribution and frequency of galls induced by Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the invasive plant Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae). · Neotropical entomology
25.PMID: 33815028 (2021) — Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles from Endophytic Pantoea anthophila. · Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials
26.PMID: 20435124 (2010) — Evaluation of 13 selected medicinal plants from Burkina Faso for their antiplasmodial properties. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
27.PMID: 40244233 (2025) — Integrated Management of Bacterial Wilt and Root-Knot Nematode Diseases in Pepper: Discovery of Phenazine-1-Carboxamide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa W-126. · International journal of molecular sciences
28.PMID: 30398681 (2019) — The Synthesis of Waltherione F and Its Analogues with Modifications at the 2- and 3-Positions as Potential Antitrypanosomal Agents. · Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
29.PMID: 26312333 (2013) — Guerothrips moundi, gen. et sp.n. (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from Chiapas, Mexico. · Zootaxa