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PubMed · Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Polysaccharide alleviates depression in CUMS mice by inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 signaling pathway and affecting the composition of their intestinal flora. (2023)
PubMed · Pharmacological Effects of Paeonia lactiflora Focusing on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. (2024)
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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Paeonia lactiflora (White Peony) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties [PMID:39471979, PMID:39053710].
Background
Paeonia lactiflora Pall., also known as Shaoyao or Paeoniae Radix Alba (baishao), is a common herb cultivated globally, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea [PMID:39053710, PMID:32237400]. It is characterized by its roots, which are processed into medicinal forms [PMID:32237400, PMID:25151277].
Traditional uses
It has been used for over a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine to de-stress the liver, relieve depression, treat gynecological diseases, and manage pain and infections [PMID:37295570, PMID:39053710]. It is also used to treat fever, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and hepatitis [PMID:36868693].
Active compounds
Key bioactive constituents include monoterpene glycosides (such as paeoniflorin and albiflorin), polyphenols, tannins, phenolic acids, and paeonols [PMID:33558884, PMID:30144752]. Other identified components include polysaccharides, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), and triterpenoids [PMID:37295570, PMID:41516097, PMID:38685513].
Mechanism of action
Paeonia lactiflora and its components act through several pathways: inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 signaling pathway to alleviate depression [PMID:37295570], regulating autophagic dysfunction via AKT signaling for neuroprotection [PMID:41452493], and exerting antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities [PMID:39471979]. Paeoniflorin specifically demonstrates immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects [PMID:32682112, PMID:31610201].
Clinical evidence
Evidence AIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Formulas using Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeonia lactiflora as core pairs are effective for global IBS symptom relief [PMID:38186470]
Water extracts and PLE showed neuroprotective effects by regulating gut microbiota (Dubosiella) or improving autophagic flux in mouse models [PMID:40374370, PMID:41452493]
Safety & adverse effects
A genotoxicity assessment indicated that hot-water extracts (PL-W) were not toxic to S. typhimurium or E. coli, but powder extracts (PL-P) produced a mutagenic response in TA100 (absence of S9 mix) and increased chromosomal aberrations in a concentration-dependent manner [PMID:36868693].
Evidence summary
Evidence ranges from high-level systematic reviews for IBS (Level A) to preclinical animal and in vitro studies for neuroprotection and depression (Level D), and clinical assays for skin health (Level B).
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 37295570 (2023) — Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Polysaccharide alleviates depression in CUMS mice by inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 signaling pathway and affecting the composition of their intestinal flora. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
2.PMID: 39227108 (2024) — Composite microneedles loaded with Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide nanoparticles promote wound healing by curbing the ROS/NF-κB pathway to regulate macrophage polarization. · Carbohydrate polymers
3.PMID: 39471979 (2024) — Pharmacological Effects of Paeonia lactiflora Focusing on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. · Planta medica
4.PMID: 41516097 (2025) — Anti-Aging Efficacy of Low-Molecular-Weight Polydeoxyribonucleotide Derived from Paeonia lactiflora. · International journal of molecular sciences
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— A review on natural products with cage-like structure.
· Bioorganic chemistry
6.PMID: 33558884 (2021) — Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Evaluation of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. "Zhongjiang" by HPLC-ESI-MS Combined with DPPH Assay. · Journal of chromatographic science
7.PMID: 27279421 (2016) — A Pharmacological Review of Bioactive Constituents of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Paeonia veitchii Lynch. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
8.PMID: 40374370 (2025) — Neuroprotective Effects of Paeonia lactiflora Through the Regulation of Gut Dubosiella in an MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. · The American journal of Chinese medicine
9.PMID: 19402674 (2009) — Monoterpene glucosides from Paeonia lactiflora. · Journal of natural products
10.PMID: 39744909 (2024) — Development of specific molecular markers for medicinal peony (Paeonia lactiflora) with double flower. · Journal of genetics
11.PMID: 37872838 (2024) — Protective mechanism of Paeonol on central nervous system. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
12.PMID: 32237400 (2019) — [Textual research on Chinese herbaceous peony in Chinese classical prescriptions]. · Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
13.PMID: 41452493 (2025) — Paeony root prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating autophagic dysfunction via AKT signaling in Parkinson's disease models. · Metabolic brain disease
14.PMID: 38186470 (2023) — Atractylodes macrocephala-Paeonia lactiflora Class Formula for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. · Cureus
15.PMID: 42258575 (2026) — Monoterpenoids from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. and their neuroprotective activity. · Natural product research
16.PMID: 25151277 (2015) — Genetic and chemical characterization of white and red peony root derived from Paeonia lactiflora. · Journal of natural medicines
17.PMID: 39053710 (2024) — A review of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and quality control of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
18.PMID: 31610201 (2019) — A review for the anti-inflammatory effects of paeoniflorin in inflammatory disorders. · Life sciences
19.PMID: 36868693 (2023) — Genotoxicity assessment of root extracts of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. · Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis
20.PMID: 32563469 (2020) — Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) PlDELLA gene negatively regulates dormancy release and plant growth. · Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology
21.PMID: 30144752 (2018) — Advancement in the chemical analysis of Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao). · Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
22.PMID: 38685513 (2024) — Oleanane and 30-noroleanane triterpenoids from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. · Fitoterapia
23.PMID: 26540435 (2015) — Role of Bai-Shao towards the antidepressant effect of Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San using metabonomics integrated with chemical fingerprinting. · Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences
24.PMID: 36493668 (2023) — Chaetomium globosum D5 confers salinity tolerance on Paeonia lactiflora Pall. · Journal of plant physiology
25.PMID: 32682112 (2020) — A review on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
26.PMID: 31644406 (2020) — Paeonol Derivatives and Pharmacological Activities: A Review of Recent Progress. · Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry
27.PMID: 41780755 (2026) — SIRT1-inhibitory resveratrol trimers from the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora pall. · Fitoterapia
28.PMID: 40718023 (2025) — Peony (Paeonia lactiflora) leaf performance of two cultivars in response to ozone exposure. · Frontiers in plant science
29.PMID: 39701720 (2024) — [Cultivation history and cultivars of medicinal Paeonia lactiflora in China]. · Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
30.PMID: 32371143 (2020) — Total glucosides of paeony: A review of its phytochemistry, role in autoimmune diseases, and mechanisms of action. · Journal of ethnopharmacology