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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria) is a perennial herb used in traditional medicine for treating cancer, liver disorders, and inflammatory conditions [PMID:19126292, PMID:30947655].
Background
Curcuma zedoaria, also known as white turmeric, is a perennial herb found in tropical regions including India, Japan, and Thailand [PMID:19126292]. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), it is referred to as Curcumae Rhizoma or Ezhu [PMID:36405057].
Traditional uses
Traditionally used in Ayurveda and folk medicine for diarrhea, cancer, flatulence, and dyspepsia [PMID:19126292]. In Asian countries including Korea, China, and Japan, it has been used to treat headache, fever, and hypertension-related symptoms [PMID:34093973]. TCM uses it to treat distending pain of the chest and belly, arthralgia, and conditions characterized by Qi stagnation and blood stasis [PMID:34592340, PMID:40615101].
Active compounds
Major chemical constituents include Zedoary Turmeric Oil (ZTO) [PMID:40615101] and various sesquiterpenes such as curcumol, zedoarondiol, curcumenol, curzerenone, curdione, germacrone, and β-elemene [PMID:36405057]. Other identified compounds include curcumin [PMID:40615101], furanodiene, furanodienone [PMID:16901812], and the diphenylheptanoid zedoaroxane A [PMID:34787385].
Mechanism of action
Zedoary components act via multiple targets; for example, β-elemene promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting the OTUB1-GPX4 interaction in gastric cancer [PMID:39484165] and inhibits endometriosis via MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathways [PMID:39800242]. Curcumol modulates the Fas/RIPK1-mediated PANoptosis pathway to alleviate endometriosis [PMID:41341035]. ZTO may exert anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects via EGFR/p53/Bcl-2 mediation [PMID:40615101].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DAtherosclerosis
Dietary intake of C. zedoaria extract (100 mg/kg/day) in ApoE-deficient mice showed a 41.6% reduction of atherosclerosis and reduced serum triglycerides [PMID:34093973]
Evidence DCisplatin-induced kidney damage
Combined extracts of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria (100-400 mg/kg) in rats decreased TNF-α, KIM-1, and caspase-3 expression levels [PMID:4009217도, PMID:41509124]
Evidence BHypercholesterolemia
Zedoary herbal tea was evaluated for antihypercholesterolemic and antilipidemic perspectives [PMID:26920896]
Evidence DGastric Cancer
β-elemene reverses radioresistance and inhibits cell growth when combined with radiotherapy in gastric cancer cells [PMID:39484165]
Evidence DLiver Cancer
Zedoary turmeric oil and its components (e.g., curcumol) demonstrate anti-hepatoma effects through multi-target channels [PMID:36405057, PMID:40615101]
Safety & adverse effects
Zedoary turmeric oil injection (ZTOI) has been associated with adverse drug reactions, specifically the induction of dyspnea, which is linked to the binding of β-elemene to hemoglobin and upregulation of HIF-1α [PMID:38042387, PMID:35318816]. A topical water-balm formulation containing 15% essential oil was well tolerated with no skin irritation in volunteers [PMID:42100665].
Evidence summary
The evidence consists primarily of in vitro studies, animal models (mice/rats), and a few reviews, indicating strong pharmacological potential but limited high-level human clinical trial data.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 34592340 (2022) — Curcumin inhibits the invasion and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer via Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling pathway. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
2.PMID: 40615101 (2025) — Integrated network pharmacology and experimental validation reveal EGFR/p53/Bcl-2-mediated anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of Zedoary Turmeric Oil. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
3.PMID: 36405057 (2022) — Analysis on internal mechanism of zedoary turmeric in treatment of liver cancer based on pharmacodynamic substances and pharmacodynamic groups. · Chinese herbal medicines
4.PMID: 40092179 (2025) — Combined extracts of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria ameliorates cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats. · Open veterinary journal
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— Network pharmacology and molecular docking reveal zedoary turmeric-trisomes in Inflammatory bowel disease with intestinal fibrosis.
· World journal of clinical cases
6.PMID: 34093973 (2021) — Extract of Curcuma zedoaria R. prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. · Nutrition research and practice
7.PMID: 39484165 (2024) — β-Elemene promotes ferroptosis and reverses radioresistance in gastric cancer by inhibiting the OTUB1-GPX4 interaction. · Frontiers in pharmacology
8.PMID: 19126292 (2009) — Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (white turmeric): a review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. · The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
9.PMID: 42100665 (2026) — Repellent efficacy of water-balm formulation against Aedes aegypti based on zedoary, Curcuma zedoaria. · Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases
10.PMID: 36703758 (2022) — Curcumae Rhizoma: A botanical drug against infectious diseases. · Frontiers in pharmacology
11.PMID: 40799052 (2025) — Dietary Supplementation With White and Common Turmeric Improves Resistance to Argulus siamensis in Labeo rohita. · Parasite immunology
12.PMID: 38338400 (2024) — The Extraction, Determination, and Bioactivity of Curcumenol: A Comprehensive Review. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
13.PMID: 38042387 (2024) — β-Elemene in zedoary turmeric oil injection induces dyspnea by binding to hemoglobin and upregulating HIF-1α. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
14.PMID: 16901812 (2006) — Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenes from Curcuma zedoaria. · Natural product research
15.PMID: 22083983 (2011) — Applications of nanoparticles in herbal medicine: zedoary turmeric oil and its active compound β-elemene. · The American journal of Chinese medicine
16.PMID: 26920896 (2016) — Phytopreventive antihypercholesterolmic and antilipidemic perspectives of zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria Roscoe.) herbal tea. · Lipids in health and disease
17.PMID: 34787385 (2022) — A new diphenylheptanoid from the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria. · Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences
18.PMID: 30534696 (2019) — Combination of curcuma zedoary and kelp inhibits growth and metastasis of liver cancer in vivo and in vitro via reducing endogenous H2S levels. · Food & function
19.PMID: 41341035 (2025) — Curcumol alleviates endometriosis via correcting the aberrant activation of Fas/RIPK1-mediated PANoptosis. · Frontiers in pharmacology
20.PMID: 30947655 (2019) — Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Traditional Uses of Curcuma spp. and Pharmacological Profile of Two Important Species (C. longa and C. zedoaria): A Review. · Current pharmaceutical design
21.PMID: 30884305 (2019) — Sesquiterpenes from Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes and their cytotoxicity against human gastric cancer AGS cells. · Bioorganic chemistry
22.PMID: 39800242 (2025) — β-elemene, a sesquiterpene constituent from Curcuma phaeocaulis inhibits the development of endometriosis by inducing ferroptosis via the MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathways. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
23.PMID: 15848035 (2005) — Antimicrobial activity of Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma malabarica tubers. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
24.PMID: 41509124 (2025) — The extract of zedoary-turmeric protects rats' kidneys from damage caused by cisplatin. · Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research
25.PMID: 35318816 (2022) — Network pharmacology-based dissection of the underlying mechanisms of dyspnoea induced by zedoary turmeric oil. · Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
26.PMID: 30200410 (2018) — Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Curcuma Species. · Nutrients
27.PMID: 31151312 (2019) — Identification of a Quality Marker of Vinegar-Processed Curcuma Zedoaria on Oxidative Liver Injury. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)