Angelica Root vs Illicium verum

Nordic and European biennial herb used for digestive complaints, respiratory conditions, and as an aromatic tonic; one of the most important herbs in Nordic folk medicine.

East Asian spice; rich in anethole and shikimic acid (Tamiflu precursor); digestive and antiviral properties.

psoralen, bergapten, imperatorin, osthole, flavonoids

anethole, shikimic acid, estragole, foeniculin, flavonoids

Digestive complaints, Respiratory conditions, Bronchitis, General tonic

digestive complaints, cough, antiviral, infant colic, menstrual disorders

Digestive stimulation, Expectorant effects, Antispasmodic properties, Antimicrobial activity

digestive carminative, expectorant, antiviral source (shikimic acid), anti-inflammatory

Root tea: 1-2 cups daily; 1-3ml tincture 3x daily

1-3g pods as tea 2-3x/day; 300-500mg extract

Pregnancy, Photosensitivity risk, Blood thinners, Diabetes medications

pregnancy (large doses), estrogen-sensitive conditions, Japanese star anise (toxic species) confusion

Photosensitization, Possible hypoglycemia, Anticoagulant interactions

estrogenic effects, GI upset, neurotoxicity if Japanese star anise confused