Hibiscus tiliaceus vs Pinon Pine

Pantropical coastal tree with bark fiber and medicinal leaves; used in Pacific and Southeast Asian folk medicine.

Southwestern North American pine used by Pueblo and Navajo peoples for respiratory conditions, skin, and as a food source; resin has antimicrobial properties.

flavonoids, mucilage, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic acids

alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, abietic acid, pinosylvin

cough, fever, skin conditions, wound healing, dysentery

Respiratory infections, Wound healing, Skin conditions, Nutritive food

expectorant, antipyretic, wound healing, topical anti-inflammatory

Antimicrobial activity, Expectorant properties, Wound healing support, Anti-inflammatory effects

5-10g leaves tea 2x/day

Resin topically; pine needle tea 1-2 cups daily; pine nuts as food

pregnancy

Pine nut allergy, Pregnancy large resin doses

GI upset

Allergic reaction in pine nut allergy, Skin irritation from resin