Ox-Eye Daisy vs Pinon Pine

Common European meadow daisy used in folk medicine for respiratory conditions, wounds, and menstrual disorders.

Southwestern North American pine used by Pueblo and Navajo peoples for respiratory conditions, skin, and as a food source; resin has antimicrobial properties.

luteolin, apigenin, chrysanthemol, tannins, bitter glycosides

alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, abietic acid, pinosylvin

Respiratory and cough in European folk medicine, Wound healing topically, Menstrual conditions, Skin conditions

Respiratory infections, Wound healing, Skin conditions, Nutritive food

Antispasmodic, Wound healing, Anti-inflammatory, Antitussive

Antimicrobial activity, Expectorant properties, Wound healing support, Anti-inflammatory effects

2-4g fresh flowers tea 3x daily; topical poultice from flowers

Resin topically; pine needle tea 1-2 cups daily; pine nuts as food

Allergy to Asteraceae, Pregnancy in large doses

Pine nut allergy, Pregnancy large resin doses

Allergic reactions in Asteraceae sensitive

Allergic reaction in pine nut allergy, Skin irritation from resin