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Pterocarpus Marsupium
Pterocarpus marsupium
Gestion du diabète en ayurvédique depuis des siècles
How does Pterocarpus marsupium work to lower blood sugar?
Pterocarpus marsupium works primarily through epicatechin, a flavonoid that regenerates pancreatic beta cells and restores insulin production. Additional compounds including pterostilbene and marsupsin improve insulin sensitivity and support healthy glucose metabolism. This dual mechanism—beta cell regeneration combined with enhanced insulin function—distinguishes it from other anti-diabetic herbs. Evidence Level: C, based on preliminary research and traditional use.
Can Pterocarpus marsupium be taken with metformin or other diabetes medications?
Pterocarpus marsupium may enhance the glucose-lowering effects of diabetes medications including metformin, insulin, and sulfonylureas, potentially causing hypoglycemia. Close blood glucose monitoring is essential when combining this herb with conventional anti-diabetic drugs. Dosage adjustments may be necessary to prevent dangerously low blood sugar. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining with prescription diabetes medications. Evidence Level: C.
What is the recommended dosage of Pterocarpus marsupium for diabetes?
The standard adult dosage is 2-4 grams of wood powder or 400mg of standardized extract taken twice daily. Standardized extracts ensure consistent levels of active compounds like epicatechin. Start at the lower end of the dosage range and adjust based on blood glucose response. Regular glucose monitoring is recommended during use. Evidence Level: C, based on traditional Ayurvedic practice and clinical observations.
Is Pterocarpus marsupium safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
Pterocarpus marsupium is considered unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The herb's significant blood glucose-lowering effects may pose risks to fetal development and nursing infants. There is insufficient safety data to support use during these periods. Women who are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding should avoid Pterocarpus marsupium and consult a qualified healthcare provider for safer alternatives.
What are the side effects of Pterocarpus marsupium?
The primary side effects include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, stomach discomfort, or diarrhea. Hypoglycemia risk increases significantly when combined with other diabetes medications. Symptoms of low blood sugar include dizziness, sweating, confusion, and weakness. Monitor blood glucose regularly and discontinue use if adverse effects occur. Evidence Level: C.
Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Pterocarpus marsupium is a multipurpose forest tree native to India and Sri Lanka, recognized for its antidiabetic and bioactive properties [PMID:35161227, PMID:15707762].
Contexte
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fabaceae) is a valuable medicinal tree in India and Sri Lanka, primarily utilized for its heartwood and stem bark [PMID:35161227]. Due to overexploitation for its multipurpose properties and low seed germination, it is listed as an endangered plant species [PMID:35161227].
Usages traditionnels
In Ayurveda, heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium has been used to treat diabetes, leprosy, asthma, and bronchitis [PMID:36295849]. It is also cited as a significant plant in the Indian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of hyperglycemia [PMID:24074231].
Composés actifs
Bioactive compounds include phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids [PMID:36295849]. Specific identified compounds include pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene) [PMID:30591102], marsupsin, pterosupin [PMID:9214733], and 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl oxy-4'-methoxy-5-hydroxy isoflavone [PMID:15707762]. Additionally, alpha-dihydroxychalcone-glycoside (alpha-DHC) has been isolated from the heartwood [PMID:24675710].
Mécanisme d'action
The herb may lower blood glucose by upregulating Glut-4 and PPAR gamma gene expression [PMID:15707762] and inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which prevents the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) [PMID:24074231, PMID:38024536]. It also exhibits antioxidant activity by reducing oxyradicals [PMID:36295849] and inhibiting aldose reductase activity to prevent sorbitol accumulation [PMID:29556442, PMID:28725625]. Anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via inhibition of LPS-induced MAPK activation and downregulation of COX-2 and iNOS [PMID:24675710].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve BNon-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
A multicentric study by the Indian Council of Medical Research found a Pterocarpus marsupium preparation effective in reducing blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels [PMID:10748962].
Preuve DHyperglycemia (Animal Model)
Butanol subfractions of alcohol extract and phenolic constituents like marsupsin and pterostilbene significantly lowered blood glucose in diabetic rats [PMID:16397913, PMID:9214733].
Preuve DPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (Animal Model)
Methanolic extract restored biochemical parameters and diminished ovarian cysts in testosterone propionate-induced PCOS rats [PMID:28901866].
Preuve DDiabetic Cataract (Animal Model)
Bark extracts provided a protective effect against cataracts by inhibiting aldose reductase activity in diabetic rats [PMID:29556442].
Preuve DAlzheimer's Disease (Animal Model)
Extracts (200-400mg/kg) showed neuroprotective roles in ameliorating streptozotocin-induced AD via DPP-4 inhibition [PMID:24667360].
Sécurité et effets indésirables
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 60 healthy adults, a standardized extract containing 90% pterostilbene (200 mg/day) was found to be clinically safe, with hematological, lipid, glycemic, thyroid, liver, and renal functions remaining within normal ranges [PMID:37671486].
Synthèse des preuves
Evidence is strongest for antidiabetic activity, supported by a multicentric clinical study and numerous animal/in vitro models. Safety has been demonstrated in a small-scale RCT for healthy adults. Other therapeutic claims (PCOS, AD, cataracts) are currently limited to animal models.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 27452657 (2017) — Contributions of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in the area of Medicinal plants/Traditional medicine. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
2.PMID: 16719780 (2006) — Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants. · Current medicinal chemistry
3.PMID: 35161227 (2022) — Biotechnological Advances in Pharmacognosy and In Vitro Manipulation of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. · Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
4.PMID: 16397913 (2006) — Hypoglycaemic activity of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
PMID: 15707762 (2005) — Upregulation of Glut-4 and PPAR gamma by an isoflavone from Pterocarpus marsupium on L6 myotubes: a possible mechanism of action. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
7.PMID: 41408899 (2025) — The Combination of Pterocarpus marsupium Bark Extract, Pinus strobus Bark Extract, and Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate Inhibits Melanogenesis via Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase Activation. · Journal of cosmetic dermatology
8.PMID: 36295849 (2022) — Heartwood Extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Offers Defense against Oxyradicals and Improves Glucose Uptake in HepG2 Cells. · Metabolites
9.PMID: 12020931 (2002) — Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
10.PMID: 10748962 (2000) — Traditional Indian systems of medicine. · Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
12.PMID: 30591102 (2018) — [Emerging Actions of Pterostilebene on Cancer Research]. · Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer
13.PMID: 29556442 (2018) — Protective effect of Pterocarpus marsupium bark extracts against cataract through the inhibition of aldose reductase activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rats. · 3 Biotech
14.PMID: 20502584 (2009) — Antimicrobial activity of Hemidesmus indicus, Ficus bengalensis and Pterocarpus marsupium roxb. · Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences
15.PMID: 24667360 (2014) — Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by Pterocarpus marsupium and Eugenia jambolana ameliorates streptozotocin induced Alzheimer's disease. · Behavioural brain research
16.PMID: 39716388 (2025) — Synergistic antimicrobial effects of thiamine dilauryl sulphate combined with the heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium and antifungal mechanism in their combination. · Letters in applied microbiology
18.PMID: 35320492 (2022) — Correction to: Pterocarpus marsupium extract extends replicative lifespan in budding yeast. · GeroScience
19.PMID: 38024536 (2023) — Pharmacological and Clinical Studies of Medicinal Plants That Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV. · Drug design, development and therapy
20.PMID: 15955128 (2005) — Pterocarpus marsupium extract (Vijayasar) prevented the alteration in metabolic patterns induced in the normal rat by feeding an adequate diet containing fructose as sole carbohydrate. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
21.PMID: 23841105 (2013) — Traditional Indian medicines used for the management of diabetes mellitus. · Journal of diabetes research
22.PMID: 28901866 (2017) — A Novel Potential Reproductive Effects of Pterocarpus marsupium Methanolic Extract on Testosterone Propionate Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Female Albino Rats. · Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets
23.PMID: 15165418 (2004) — Role of selected Indian plants in management of type 2 diabetes: a review. · Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)
24.PMID: 36366849 (2022) — Co-administration of Pterocarpus marsupium Extract and Glibenclamide Exhibits Better Effects in Regulating Hyperglycemia and Associated Changes in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice. · Current topics in medicinal chemistry
25.PMID: 9214733 (1997) — Antihyperglycemic activity of phenolics from Pterocarpus marsupium. · Journal of natural products
26.PMID: 1753796 (1991) — Hypoglycemic activity of Pterocarpus marsupium wood. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
27.PMID: 24074231 (2014) — A molecular connection of Pterocarpus marsupium, Eugenia jambolana and Gymnema sylvestre with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in the treatment of diabetes. · Pharmaceutical biology
28.PMID: 37671486 (2023) — A Short-Term Safety Evaluation of Silbinol®- an Extract from Pterocarpus marsupium in Healthy Adults- a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. · Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine
29.PMID: 28725625 (2017) — Evaluation of effect of alcoholic extract of heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium on in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, sorbitol accumulation and inhibition of aldose reductase activity. · Journal of traditional and complementary medicine
30.PMID: 24675710 (2014) — α-Dihydroxychalcone-glycoside (α-DHC) isolated from the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium inhibits LPS induced MAPK activation and up regulates HO-1 expression in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage. · Toxicology and applied pharmacology