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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 19 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Bulbine natalensis (syn. Bulbine latifolia) is a succulent medicinal plant native to southern Africa used traditionally for wound healing, skin disorders, and sexual enhancement [PMID:42259979, 34043766].
Background
Bulbine natalensis is a member of the Asphodelaceae family indigenous to southern Africa [PMID:20937372, 42259979]. It is an emerging medicinal herb on the global market, often formulated in dietary supplements [PMID:34359083].
Traditional uses
Traditionally used in South Africa for the treatment of skin wounds, burns, and dermatological disorders [PMID:23078885, 41095187], as well as for treating diabetes [PMID:34919745], infections, and as an aphrodisiac [PMID:42259979, 34043766].
Active compounds
Bioactive constituents include anthraquinones (such as knipholone, bulbine-knipholone, and 6'-O-methylknipholone), triterpenes, sterols, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and alkaloids [PMID:34359083, 31287681, 42259979, 18710410].
Mechanism of action
The herb modulates the activity of AhR, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and P-gp [PMID:34359083]. It activates the pregnane X receptor (PXR), leading to increased mRNA expression and activity of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 [PMID:33321412]. In wound healing, it is linked to the modulation of the coagulation cascade and tissue repair properties [PMID:41095187].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DCutaneous Wound Healing
Leaf gel extracts increase tensile strength and protein and DNA content in pig dermal wounds [PMID:23078885, 20937372]
Evidence DSexual Function/Androgenic Activity
Aqueous stem extract (25-50 mg/kg) increased serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and sexual behavior indices in male rats [PMID:18710410, 20645801, 19410284]
Evidence DCancer (Leukemia)
Root methanolic extracts showed cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in human myelogenous leukemia (K562) cell lines [PMID:34932629]
Evidence DBacterial Infection
Ethanolic, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate fractions of the tuber inhibited various bacterial species, including MRSA [PMID:31287681, 23983381]
Safety & adverse effects
In rats, aqueous stem extract (50-100 mg/kg) increased activities of liver enzymes (GGT, ALP, ALT, AST) and total bilirubin, and reduced liver- and kidney-body weight ratios [PMID:19735182]. It also increased serum cholesterol and triacylglycerols while decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [PMID:19382725]. High doses (100 mg/kg) may produce contrasting patterns to lower doses regarding sexual behavior and hormonal effects [PMID:18710410, 19410284].
Drug interactions
B. natalensis extracts and knipholones dose-dependently increase the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, indicating a potential for herb-drug interactions (HDI) with prescription drugs metabolized by these enzymes [PMID:34359083, 33321412].
Evidence summary
The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (rats and pigs), with a lack of human clinical trials. Evidence strength is low (Level D).
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 34359083 (2022) — Bulbine natalensis (currently Bulbine latifolia) and select bulbine knipholones modulate the activity of AhR, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and P-gp. · Planta medica
2.PMID: 23078885 (2012) — Bulbine natalensis and Bulbine frutescens promote cutaneous wound healing. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
3.PMID: 20937372 (2011) — A biochemical comparison of the in vivo effects of Bulbine frutescens and Bulbine natalensis on cutaneous wound healing. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
4.PMID: 33321412 (2021) — Modulation of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 activity by Bulbine natalensis and its constituents: An assessment of HDI risk of B. natalensis containing supplements. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— In vitro profiling and functional assessments of the anti-diabetic capacity of phenolic-rich extracts of Bulbine natalensis and Bulbine frutescens.
· Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
6.PMID: 41095187 (2025) — The Phytochemical Composition and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Wound Healing Attributes of Bulbine Species-A Critical Review. · Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
7.PMID: 31287681 (2019) — Anthraquinone-Based Specialized Metabolites from Rhizomes of Bulbine natalensis. · Journal of natural products
8.PMID: 34932629 (2021) — Apoptotic effect of Bulbine Natalensis and Chlorophytum Comosum in myelogenous Leukemia K562 cell line. · Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia
9.PMID: 23983381 (2012) — Antimicrobial activity of the solvent fractions from Bulbine natalensis Tuber. · African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM
10.PMID: 34043766 (2021) — Chemical Profiling and Characterization of Anthraquinones from Two Bulbine Species and Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. · Journal of AOAC International
11.PMID: 18710410 (2009) — Effect of aqueous extract of Bulbine natalensis (Baker) stem on the sexual behaviour of male rats. · International journal of andrology
12.PMID: 36032452 (2022) — In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of selected indigenous South African medicinal plants. · African health sciences
13.PMID: 19410284 (2009) — Reproductive toxicologic evaluations of Bulbine natalensis Baker stem extract in albino rats. · Theriogenology
14.PMID: 42259979 (2026) — Exploring the medicinal potential of Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Spreng.: a comprehensive review of phytochemicals and therapeutic applications. · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
15.PMID: 20645801 (2010) — Anabolic and androgenic activities of Bulbine natalensis stem in male Wistar rats. · Pharmaceutical biology
16.PMID: 19735182 (2009) — Effect of Bulbine natalensis Baker stem extract on the functional indices and histology of the liver and kidney of male Wistar rats. · Journal of medicinal food
17.PMID: 31766069 (2020) — Development and Validation of a UHPLC-PDA-MS Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Anthraquinones in Bulbine natalensis Extracts and Dietary Supplements. · Planta medica
18.PMID: 19382725 (2009) — Effect of aqueous extract of Bulbine natalensis Baker stem on haematological and serum lipid profile of male Wistar rats. · Indian journal of experimental biology