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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 29 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Chlorella vulgaris is a green unicellular microalgae with diverse biological and pharmacological properties beneficial for human health [PMID:26561078, PMID:40985044].
Background
Chlorella vulgaris is a freshwater, unicellular green microalga found widely in East Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan [PMID:40985044, PMID:39556490]. It is utilized as a food source, dietary supplement, and in various biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications [PMID:26561078, PMID:39767096].
Traditional uses
It has a long history of use as a food source [PMID:26561078].
Active compounds
C. vulgaris contains proteins, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, carotenes, and chlorophyll [PMID:26561078, PMID:30000882]. Specific active compounds extracted from the algae include dodecanoic acid and loliolide [PMID:40985044].
Mechanism of action
C. vulgaris may prevent histamine release by blocking extracellular Ca2+ uptake into mast cells and inhibit serum IgE overproduction via induction of T helper 1 (Th1) skewing dependent on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) secretion [PMID:23426977]. It may also modulate gut microbiota, increase short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and promote the expansion of regulatory T cell (Treg) populations [PMID:37571230]. Additionally, it has been suggested to work for PAH-detoxification through epigenetic modulation, specifically reducing global hypermethylation (5-methylcytosine) [PMID:26432772].
Clinical evidence
Evidence BHyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia
Clinical trials suggest supplementation can ameliorate these conditions [PMID:26561078]
Evidence BOxidative Stress, Cancer, and COPD
Clinical trials suggest supplementation can protect against these conditions [PMID:26561078]
Evidence BPAH Exposure (Detoxification)
A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial in healthy females showed reduced global hypermethylation and reduced levels of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene [PMID:26432772]
Evidence DAllergic Immune Response
Water extract (CVE) demonstrated antihistamine activity in rat peritoneal mast cells and inhibited serum IgE overproduction in OVA-immunised mice [PMID:23426977]
Evidence DColitis
In a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, C. vulgaris intervention alleviated pathological symptoms and increased Treg levels [PMID:37571230]
Safety & adverse effects
Generally well tolerated, but may cause nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, flatulence, and green stools [PMID:30000882]. Allergic reactions, including asthma and anaphylaxis, have been reported in users and those preparing tablets; photosensitivity reactions have also occurred following ingestion [PMID:30000882].
Pregnancy & lactation
Supplements during pregnancy may decrease dioxin content and increase carotenes and immunoglobulin A in breastmilk [PMID:30000882]. Intake is probably acceptable during breastfeeding and not expected to cause adverse effects in most infants, though green breastmilk discoloration has been reported [PMID:30000882].
Drug interactions
The high vitamin K content of Chlorella may decrease the effectiveness of warfarin [PMID:30000882].
Evidence summary
Evidence ranges from review-based claims of clinical benefits (C) and specific randomized clinical trials on epigenetic modulation (B) to animal and in-vitro studies (D) regarding immune regulation and toxicity.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 26561078 (2016) — Chlorella vulgaris: A Multifunctional Dietary Supplement with Diverse Medicinal Properties. · Current pharmaceutical design
2.PMID: 30000882 (2006) — Photosynthesis Responses of Tibetan Freshwater Algae Chlorella vulgaris to Herbicide Glyphosate. · International journal of environmental research and public health
3.PMID: 39556490 (2024) — Chlorella vulgaris as a food substitute: Applications and benefits in the food industry. · Journal of food science
4.PMID: 40985044 (2026) — Chlorella vulgaris, a representative edible algae as integrative and alternative medicine. · Integrative medicine research
5.PMID: 39767096 (2024) — Advances in Bioprocess Engineering for Optimising Chlorella vulgaris Fermentation: Biotechnological Innovations and Applications.
Government sources
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
6.PMID: 23426977 (2013) — Inhibitory effect of unicellular green algae (Chlorella vulgaris) water extract on allergic immune response. · Journal of the science of food and agriculture
7.PMID: 26432772 (2015) — Epigenetic modulation of Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) on exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. · Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
8.PMID: 37571230 (2023) — Chlorella vulgaris Modulates Gut Microbiota and Induces Regulatory T Cells to Alleviate Colitis in Mice. · Nutrients