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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 19 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Curcuma angustifolia (Indian Arrowroot) is a rhizomatous medicinal herb of the Zingiberaceae family used traditionally for food and the treatment of various diseases [PMID:35611786, PMID:38623076].
Background
Curcuma angustifolia Roxb., also known as Indian Palo, is widely distributed in India, Nepal, Thailand, Bangladesh, and Pakistan [PMID:35611786, PMID:25150596]. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb often found in open gaps of dry dipterocarp forests [PMID:38623076, PMID:24159689].
Traditional uses
It is traditionally used as a food additive, spice, and medicine for treating various diseases [PMID:35611786, PMID:36358202, PMID:33102197]. Specifically, the rhizome starch (Tugaksheeree) is used in folklore and Ayurvedic practice to treat hyperacidity, gastric ulcers, and Amlapitta [PMID:22048544, PMID:26195908, PMID:25558167].
Active compounds
Secondary metabolites include essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, terpenes, and phenols [PMID:35611786]. Major constituents of the rhizome oil include curzerenone (72.6%), camphor, and germacrone [PMID:28067055]. Leaf essential oil contains curzerenone, geranyl-p-cymene, alpha-elemenone, and eucalyptol [PMID:38623076]. Nerolidol has been identified as a major constituent of a bioactive fraction from the rhizome [PMID:40438603].
Mechanism of action
A bioactive fraction from the rhizome exerts anti-diabetic effects by regulating the AMPK/PKA signaling pathway and inhibiting alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes [PMID:40438603].
Clinical evidence
Evidence BAmlapitta
Internal administration of C. angustifolia starch (4 g TID for 30 days) was found to be highly effective in treating Amlapitta [PMID:22048544]
Evidence DHyperglycemia
Methanolic extracts of rhizomes and leaves inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes in vitro [PMID:40438603, PMID:38484132, PMID:40424639]
Evidence DGastric Ulcers
Rhizome starch demonstrated anti-ulcerogenic activity in pyloric ligated rat models [PMID:25558167, PMID:26195908]
Acute toxicity studies using rhizome starch in rats showed no mortality up to a maximum dose of 4400 mg/kg [PMID:26195908]. A bioactive fraction from the rhizome showed no toxic effects on the HepG2 cell line [PMID:40438603].
Dosage & administration
In a clinical study for Amlapitta, the starch was administered at a dose of 4 g TID with water for 30 days [PMID:22048544]. No PubMed data available for other conditions. Consult a healthcare provider.
Evidence summary
Evidence is primarily based on in vitro assays, animal models (D), and one small clinical study (B). There is strong preliminary evidence for antidiabetic and anti-ulcerogenic activity, but large-scale human trials are lacking.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 35611786 (2023) — Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Nutra-pharmaceutical Potentials of Indian Arrowroot (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb). · Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening
2.PMID: 40438603 (2025) — Bioactive fraction isolated from Curcuma angustifolia rhizome exerts anti-diabetic effects in vitro, in silico and in vivo by regulating AMPK/PKA signaling pathway. · Frontiers in pharmacology
3.PMID: 36358202 (2022) — Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Leaf Essential Oils of Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma angustifolia. · Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
4.PMID: 38623076 (2024) — Exploring the chemical characterization and insecticidal activities of Curcuma angustifolia roxb. leaf essential oils against three major stored product insects. · Saudi journal of biological sciences
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— Ethnomedicinal plants in Champadevi rural municipality, Okhaldhunga district, Nepal.
· Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine
6.PMID: 38484132 (2024) — Phytochemical Profiling and Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of Curcuma Angustifolia Rhizome Methanolic Extract: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. · Chemistry & biodiversity
7.PMID: 28067055 (2017) — Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from leaves and rhizomes of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. · Natural product research
8.PMID: 33102197 (2020) — Assessment of phylogenetic relationship among twenty Curcuma species in Thailand using amplified fragment length polymorphism marker. · Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research
9.PMID: 40424639 (2025) — Phytochemical Composition and Inhibitory Effects of Curcuma angustifolia Leaves Extracts Against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzymes Associated With Hyperglycaemia: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. · Chemistry & biodiversity
10.PMID: 24159689 (2012) — Geographic distributions and ecology of ornamental Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) in Northeastern Thailand. · Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS
11.PMID: 29142438 (2017) — Molecular Simulation-based Combinatorial Modeling and Antioxidant Activities of Zingiberaceae Family Rhizomes. · Pharmacognosy magazine
12.PMID: 22048544 (2010) — A comparative study of efficacy of Tugaksheeree [Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. and Maranta arundinacea Linn.] in management of Amlapitta. · Ayu
13.PMID: 39993938 (2025) — Comprehensive Metabolomic and Bioactivity Profiling of Zingiberaceae Species From Manipur: Elucidating Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Mechanisms Through In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. · Phytochemical analysis : PCA
14.PMID: 25150596 (2015) — Isolation and release characteristics of starch from the rhizome of Indian Palo. · International journal of biological macromolecules
15.PMID: 24696578 (2013) — Comparative physico-chemical profiles of Tugaksheeree (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. and Maranta arundinacea Linn.). · Ayu
16.PMID: 26195908 (2014) — Evaluation of acute toxicity and anti-ulcerogenic study of rhizome starch of two source plants of Tugaksheeree (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. and Maranta arundinacea Linn.). · Ayu
17.PMID: 41514856 (2025) — Utilization of Wild Edible Plants by the Tai Yoy Ethnic Group in Akat Amnuai District, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. · Biology
18.PMID: 25805494 (2015) — Effect of carboxymethylation on physicochemical and release characteristics of Indian Palo starch. · International journal of biological macromolecules
19.PMID: 25558167 (2014) — The evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic effect of rhizome starch of two source plants of Tugaksheeree (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. and Maranta arundinacea Linn.) on pyloric ligated rats. · Ayu