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This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 29 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is a deciduous climbing shrub used in traditional Indian medicine for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties [PMID:33480818, PMID:39441945].
Background
Tinospora cordifolia is an herbaceous climbing shrub native to India and South Asia [PMID:39441945, PMID:20814526]. It is a prominent herb in Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani medicine [PMID:34509604].
Traditional uses
Used in traditional Indian (Ayurveda) medicine for conditions including diabetes, arthritis, liver diseases, malaria, pain, urinary tract infection, fever, jaundice, helminthiasis, leprosy, dysentery, and skin diseases [PMID:39441945, PMID:38813196, PMID:37017881].
Active compounds
The herb contains alkaloids (including berberine [PMID:27671811]), terpenes, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics, aliphatic compounds, polysaccharides [PMID:28260522, PMID:20814526], and a specific immunostimulatory protein (ImP) found in the stem [PMID:22119223].
Mechanism of action
Immunomodulatory actions are mediated through the activation of tumor-associated macrophages, augmenting phagocytosis, antigen-presenting ability, and secretion of IL-1, TNF, and RNI [PMID:15106739]. It may also target dopamine metabolism, cAMP-dependent signaling pathways, and glycolytic processes [PMID:27567586].
Clinical evidence
Evidence DInflammation
Aqueous extract (Guduchi Ghana) showed a 33.06% reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats [PMID:25364210]
Evidence DPain
Extract administered at 300 mg/kg orally in albino rats showed significant analgesic activity [PMID:25302211]
Evidence DCancer (Lymphoma)
Alcoholic extract slowed tumor growth and increased lifespan in DL-bearing mice by destabilizing membrane integrity of DL cells [PMID:15106739]
Evidence DCancer (HeLa cells)
Methanol, aqueous, and methylene chloride extracts caused dose-dependent increase in cell killing in vitro [PMID:9619860]
Evidence DHyperglycemia
Demonstrated in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities [PMID:34040519]
Safety & adverse effects
While traditionally considered safe, several recent reports have documented clinically apparent liver injury and acute hepatitis associated with its use [PMID:39441945, PMID:37273324, PMID:37269895]. One case review identified probable drug/herb-induced liver injury using the RUCAM score [PMID:37273324].
Evidence summary
The majority of evidence is derived from in vitro studies, animal models, and case reports (Level D), with some supporting reviews (Level C). There is a lack of high-level clinical trial data in the provided set.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 15106739 (2004) — Immunomodulatory and antitumor actions of medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia are mediated through activation of tumor-associated macrophages. · Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology
2.PMID: 37439907 (2024) — Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation to elucidate the mechanism of anti-aging action of Tinospora cordifolia. · Molecular diversity
3.PMID: 27671811 (2016) — Berberine and Its Role in Chronic Disease. · Advances in experimental medicine and biology
4.PMID: 39441945 (2012) — Can Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), a well-known ayurvedic hepato-protectant cause liver damage? · CITED REFERENCE
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
— Using Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) as an eco-friendly feed supplement in human and poultry nutrition.
· Poultry science
6.PMID: 37766582 (2023) — The Antibacterial Effect of Tinospora Cordifolia (Guduchi) and Its Role in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. · Medeniyet medical journal
7.PMID: 37273324 (2023) — Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy)-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Review. · Cureus
8.PMID: 28260522 (2017) — Medicinal and Beneficial Health Applications of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi): A Miraculous Herb Countering Various Diseases/Disorders and its Immunomodulatory Effects. · Recent patents on endocrine, metabolic & immune drug discovery
9.PMID: 34883256 (2022) — Dietary Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) enhanced the growth performance, antioxidative capacity, immune response and ameliorated stress-related markers induced by hypoxia stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). · Fish & shellfish immunology
10.PMID: 25364210 (2014) — Anti-inflammatory activity of Guduchi Ghana (aqueous extract of Tinospora Cordifolia Miers.). · Ayu
11.PMID: 25302211 (2014) — Clinical evaluation of analgesic activity of guduchi (tinospora cordifolia) using animal model. · Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
12.PMID: 22048548 (2010) — A comparative pharmacological evaluation of Taila (oil) and Ghrita (ghee) prepared with Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia). · Ayu
13.PMID: 20814526 (2010) — Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. and Thoms. (Guduchi) - validation of the Ayurvedic pharmacology through experimental and clinical studies. · International journal of Ayurveda research
14.PMID: 38813196 (2024) — Indian herb Tinospora cordifolia and Tinospora species: Phytochemical and therapeutic application. · Heliyon
15.PMID: 27833372 (2015) — In vitro thrombolytic activity of Dhamasa (Fagonia arabica Linn.), Kushta (Saussurea lappa Decne.), and Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Thunb.). · Ayu
16.PMID: 34040519 (2021) — In-Vitro α-amylase, α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activities and In-Vivo Anti-Hyperglycemic Potential of Different Dosage Forms of Guduchi (Tinospora Cordifolia [Willd.] Miers) Prepared With Ayurvedic Bhavana Process. · Frontiers in pharmacology
17.PMID: 33480818 (2022) — Tinospora Cordifolia: A review of its immunomodulatory properties. · Journal of dietary supplements
18.PMID: 24459384 (2013) — Seasonal variations in physicochemical profiles of Guduchi Satva (starchy substance from Tinospora cordifolia [Willd.] Miers). · Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine
19.PMID: 27567586 (2016) — Guduchi Sawras (Tinospora cordifolia): An Ayurvedic drug treatment modulates the impaired lipid metabolism in alcoholics through dopaminergic neurotransmission and anti-oxidant defense system. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
20.PMID: 9619860 (1998) — Evaluation of the antineoplastic activity of guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in cultured HeLa cells. · Cancer letters
21.PMID: 30183225 (2017) — Effect of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) on the phagocytic and pinocytic activity of murine macrophages in vitro. · Indian journal of experimental biology
22.PMID: 22119223 (2012) — Immunostimulatory properties of the major protein from the stem of the Ayurvedic medicinal herb, guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia). · Journal of ethnopharmacology
23.PMID: 37269895 (2023) — Acute hepatitis induced by Guduchi; Letter to the editor. · Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology
24.PMID: 37017881 (2023) — Therapeutic Application, Phytoactives and Pharmacology of Tinospora cordifolia: An Evocative Review. · Chinese journal of integrative medicine
25.PMID: 34509604 (2022) — Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers: Protection mechanisms and strategies against oxidative stress-related diseases. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
26.PMID: 18803246 (2008) — Preliminary investigation of the radiosensitizing activity of guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in tumor-bearing mice. · Phytotherapy research : PTR