PubMed-compiled information sheet
This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 29 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Background
Traditional uses
Active compounds
Mechanism of action
Clinical evidence
A meta-analysis of 9 studies (299 patients) showed a pooled clinical response rate of 0.796 and a clinical remission rate of 0.668 [PMID:38006941]. In pediatric UC, 80.2% of patients achieved clinical remission within 6 months [PMID:35831249].
Chinese herbal medicine formulas containing indigo naturalis showed a higher response rate for PASI60 compared to control groups [PMID:39316667].
The Realgar-Indigo Naturalis formula (RIF) plus all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is used as a frontline care regimen in China [PMID:33614484].
Safety & adverse effects
Evidence summary
PubMed sources
- 1.PMID: 40210174 (2025) — Herbal medicine for treating psoriasis: A systematic review. · Complementary therapies in medicine
- 2.PMID: 38006941 (2024) — Indigo naturalis (Qing dai) for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. · Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology
- 3.PMID: 29964335 (2018) — Indigo naturalis-induced colitis. · Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- 4.PMID: 38068631 (2023) — Latin American Plants against Microorganisms. · Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
- 5.PMID: 35872288 (2022) — Psoriasis treatment using Indigo Naturalis: Progress and strategy.