This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider before using herbs, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medications, or have a medical condition.
This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 30 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala), also known as Indian bay leaf, is a plant used in culinary and medicinal applications, demonstrating antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties [PMID:38737243, 39075867, 10548758].
Background
Cinnamomum tamala (Family: Lauraceae) is an economically important tree native to South Asia, commonly referred to as 'Indian bay leaf' or 'Tejpat' [PMID:38737243, 41992462]. It is widely utilized in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries [PMID:38737243].
Traditional uses
Traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Yunani medicine for treating toothache, diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders, vomiting, fever, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and as a carminative, anthelmintic, and diuretic [PMID:40300760, 20083180, 24236996].
Active compounds
Major components include eugenol (74.79-95.12% in some essential oils) [PMID:39075867, 22424088], E-cinnamyl acetate, E-cinnamaldehyde, and linalool [PMID:37533252]. Other identified bioactive compounds include coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl acetate, catechin, and apigenin [PMID:38737243, 41547255].
Mechanism of action
The herb exhibits antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals [PMID:39075867, 32180127, 17907743]. It demonstrates antidiabetic potential through the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase [PMID:39075867]. In inflammation, it targets hub genes such as JUN, P53, IL6, MAPK3, HIF1A, and CASP3, involving apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathways [PMID:38533033, 39171467]. It also shows spasmolytic potential in the rat ileum, likely through a synergistic effect of its components [PMID:33872476].
Clinical evidence
Evidence BMuscle strength and endurance
A proprietary blend of Cinnamomum tamala leaf and Garcinia mangostana fruit rind enhanced muscle strength and endurance in resistance-trained males [PMID:30348185]
Evidence BSkin rejuvenation
A 4% Cinnamomum tamala extract emulgel was evaluated for effects on melanin, erythema, sebum, and facial pores in healthy female volunteers [PMID:31680410]
Evidence DDiabetes
Ethanolic leaf extract significantly lowered blood glucose levels and improved lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [PMID:22022005]
Evidence DProstate enlargement
Tamala reduced prostatic enlargement and improved hyperplastic changes in testosterone-induced rats [PMID:24761116]
Evidence DGastric ulcers
Leaf extract significantly reduced the lesion index in ethanol, cold-restraint stress, and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models in rats [PMID:20083180]
Evidence D
Safety & adverse effects
A proprietary blend of Garcinia mangostana and Cinnamomum tamala (CinDura) showed a median lethal dose (LD50) of at least 2000 mg/kg in Wistar rats and was non-irritant to skin and eyes in rabbits [PMID:32802054].
Evidence summary
The evidence consists primarily of in vitro studies and animal models (Level D), with limited clinical trials (Level B) focusing on sports performance and cosmeceuticals. Strong preclinical evidence supports its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 39075867 (2024) — Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Indian Bay Leaf (Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm.) Essential Oils Collected from Meghalaya. · Chemistry & biodiversity
2.PMID: 38737243 (2024) — Chemical fingerprinting and multicomponent quantitative analysis for quality control of Cinnamomum tamala collected from Western Himalaya by HPLC-DAD. · Heliyon
3.PMID: 10548758 (1999) — Antimicrobial screening of some Indian spices. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
4.PMID: 41992462 (2026) — In vivo Anticancer Efficacy of Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extract in Ehrlich's Carcinoma-Bearing BALB/c Mice. · Recent patents on biotechnology
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
Ethanolic leaf extract showed protective effects against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice by enhancing antioxidant capability [PMID:40300760]
Evidence DCancer
Chloroform extract showed antitumor potential against Ehrlich's Carcinoma in BALB/c mice [PMID:41992462]; ethanolic extract induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 [PMID:41547255]
— α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of endophytic Colletotrichum fructicola of Cinnamomum tamala.
· Archives of microbiology
6.PMID: 30348185 (2018) — Combined extracts of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf supplementation enhances muscle strength and endurance in resistance trained males. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
7.PMID: 40300760 (2025) — Uncovering the Efficacy of Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extract Against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice. · Chemistry & biodiversity
8.PMID: 37533252 (2023) — Comparative Chemical Composition and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitory Potential of Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum tamala. · Chemistry & biodiversity
9.PMID: 24761116 (2014) — Inhibitory effects by ayurvedic plants on prostate enlargement induced in rats. · Pharmacognosy research
10.PMID: 39171467 (2024) — Exploration of Pharmacological Mechanism of Cinnamomum tamala Essential Oil in Treating Inflammation based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Modelling, and Experimental Validation. · Current pharmaceutical design
11.PMID: 38533033 (2024) — Elucidating the anti-cancer potential of Cinnamomum tamala essential oil against non-small cell lung cancer: A multifaceted approach involving GC-MS profiling, network pharmacology, and molecular dynamics simulations. · Heliyon
12.PMID: 24236996 (2014) — An overview on chemical composition, bioactivity and processing of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
13.PMID: 32802054 (2020) — Acute, Subacute, and Genotoxicity Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Garcinia mangostana Fruit Rind and Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extracts (CinDura®). · Journal of toxicology
14.PMID: 32180127 (2020) — Rapid Green Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Using Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extract and its Potential Antimicrobial Application Against Clinically Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Strains. · Biological trace element research
15.PMID: 33872476 (2021) — Comparative spasmolytic effect between Cinnamomum tamala and Cinnamomum verum leaf essential oils and eugenol through in vitro and in silico approaches. · Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences
16.PMID: 31680410 (2020) — Assessment of changes in biophysical parameters by dermocosmetic emulgel loaded with Cinnamomum tamala extract: A split-faced and placebo-controlled study. · Journal of cosmetic dermatology
17.PMID: 41547255 (2026) — Phytochemicals in ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum tamala induce cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. · Tissue & cell
18.PMID: 20083180 (2010) — Gastroprotective activity of Cinnamomum tamala leaves on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
19.PMID: 22424088 (2013) — Comparative chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of essential oil isolated from the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala and Pimenta dioica. · Natural product research
20.PMID: 17907743 (2007) — Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of Indian bay leaf, Cinnamomum tamala (Buch. -Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm using rat brain synaptosomes as model system. · Indian journal of experimental biology
21.PMID: 22022005 (2011) — Assessment of antidiabetic potential of Cinnamomum tamala leaves extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. · Indian journal of pharmacology