Pinon Pine vs Picea Abies

Southwestern North American pine used by Pueblo and Navajo peoples for respiratory conditions, skin, and as a food source; resin has antimicrobial properties.

European spruce tree used in Scandinavian folk medicine for respiratory conditions; shoots used as a traditional vitamin C and antimicrobial remedy.

alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, abietic acid, pinosylvin

alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, camphene, borneol, resins

Respiratory infections, Wound healing, Skin conditions, Nutritive food

Respiratory infections, Scurvy prevention, Wound healing, Musculoskeletal pain

Antimicrobial activity, Expectorant properties, Wound healing support, Anti-inflammatory effects

Antimicrobial activity, Vitamin C source, Expectorant effects, Anti-inflammatory properties

Resin topically; pine needle tea 1-2 cups daily; pine nuts as food

Young shoot tea: 1-2 cups daily; diluted essential oil topically

Pine nut allergy, Pregnancy large resin doses

Allergy to Pinaceae, Pregnancy large resin doses

Allergic reaction in pine nut allergy, Skin irritation from resin

Allergic reaction in Pinaceae allergy