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Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 27 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a berry-bearing shrub rich in anthocyanins and tannins, used primarily for eye disorders and metabolic health [PMID:30000885, PMID:22593936].
Contexte
Vaccinium myrtillus L., commonly known as bilberry, is an economically important wild berry in Northern Europe that thrives in acidic, nutrient-poor soils [PMID:37836403, PMID:39339606].
Usages traditionnels
Bilberry has been used in European folk medicine to stop milk flow [PMID:30000885] and in traditional medicine for treating microvascular disorders, inflammatory conditions, and urinary system ailments [PMID:42229624]. Leaves are traditionally used in many countries to treat a variety of diseases [PMID:36678645], and fruits are used to treat non-specific diarrhea and symptoms related to varicose veins [PMID:33587635].
Composés actifs
The fruit contains anthocyanins, tannins, phenolic acids, organic acids, coumarins, flavonols, flavanols, terpenoids, and volatile chemicals [PMID:30000885, PMID:36286028]. Leaves contain phenolic acids (notably chlorogenic acid), flavonoids (notably isoquercetin), and resveratrol [PMID:33809607].
Mécanisme d'action
Bilberry exerts anti-inflammatory effects by lowering expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, and by altering nuclear factor kappa B and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways [PMID:36286028]. Its anthocyanins act as potent antioxidants [PMID:37836403]. Additionally, bilberry extracts may inhibit α-amylase, potentially decreasing postprandial blood glucose levels [PMID:37570789].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve ANight Vision
Rigorous clinical studies do not support the hypothesis that V. myrtillus anthocyanosides improve normal night vision [PMID:14711439].
Preuve CType 2 Diabetes
Clinical studies on vision disorders and diabetes show contradictory results with no clear conclusion on benefits [PMID:35847049]. Animal and in vitro studies strongly indicate potential to ameliorate T2D, but appropriate clinical trials are needed [PMID:27748191].
Preuve CColorectal Cancer
Experimental studies indicate that bilberry inhibits colorectal cancer progression [PMID:34073356].
Preuve DDiabetic Kidney Disease
In mouse models, water-soluble anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract showed renoprotective effects by targeting ALOX15-mediated lipid peroxidation [PMID:42229624].
Sécurité et effets indésirables
Bilberry preparations are generally well tolerated as food, but should be avoided by individuals allergic to bilberry, cranberry, blueberry, or other Vaccinium species [PMID:30000885].
Grossesse et allaitement
No data exist on the excretion of bilberry components into breastmilk or on the safety and efficacy in nursing mothers or infants; recommendations on using large quantities during breastfeeding cannot be made [PMID:30000885].
Interactions médicamenteuses
In rats, bilberry extract significantly increased the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C11 and CYP2E1 after 29 days of administration [PMID:31059744].
Synthèse des preuves
The evidence is mixed. While preclinical (animal/cell) data strongly support anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic benefits, rigorous clinical evidence for vision and diabetes is lacking or contradictory.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 30000885 (2006) — [Vaccinium myrtillus]. · Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia
2.PMID: 36286028 (2022) — Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). · Current issues in molecular biology
3.PMID: 37836403 (2023) — Vaccinium uliginosum and Vaccinium myrtillus-Two Species-One Used as a Functional Food. · Nutrients
4.PMID: 22593936 (2011) — Herbal Medicines in Glaucoma Treatment. · The Yale journal of biology and medicine
5.PMID: 39339606 (2024) — Bilberry Expansion in the Changing Subalpine Belt. · Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
6.PMID: 27748191 (2017) — A Brief Review of Blue- and Bilberries' Potential to Curb Cardio-Metabolic Perturbations: Focus on Diabetes. · Current pharmaceutical design
7.PMID: 42229624 (2026) — Water-soluble anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus L. alleviate diabetic kidney disease by targeting ALOX15-mediated lipid peroxidation. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
8.PMID: 37570789 (2023) — Inhibitory Potential of Different Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Extracts on Human Salivary α-Amylase. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
9.PMID: 36678645 (2022) — An Updated Systematic Review of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. · Pharmaceutics
10.PMID: 33587635 (2021) — Quality Assessment of Bilberry Fruits (Vaccinium myrtillus) and Bilberry-Containing Dietary Supplements. · Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
11.PMID: 31059744 (2019) — Effect of bilberry extract (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats. · Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
12.PMID: 40264677 (2025) — Vaccinium myrtillus L. ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via modulating metabolites and gut microbiota in rats. · Frontiers in pharmacology
13.PMID: 34073356 (2021) — Anticancer Effects of Lingonberry and Bilberry on Digestive Tract Cancers. · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
14.PMID: 14711439 (2004) — Anthocyanosides of Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) for night vision--a systematic review of placebo-controlled trials. · Survey of ophthalmology
15.PMID: 33809607 (2021) — Old Plant, New Possibilities: Wild Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L., Ericaceae) in Topical Skin Preparation. · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
16.PMID: 35847049 (2022) — Bilberries: Curative and Miraculous - A Review on Bioactive Constituents and Clinical Research. · Frontiers in pharmacology
17.PMID: 32864929 (2020) — The Role of Vaccinium Myrtillus in the Prevention of Renal Injury in an Experimental Model of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. · Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery