Ce produit n'est pas destiné à diagnostiquer, traiter, guérir ou prévenir toute maladie. Ces déclarations n'ont pas été évaluées par la Food and Drug Administration.
Ces informations sont fournies à titre éducatif uniquement et ne remplacent pas un avis médical professionnel, un diagnostic ou un traitement. Consultez toujours votre professionnel de santé avant d'utiliser des plantes, surtout si vous êtes enceinte, allaitez, prenez des médicaments ou avez une condition médicale.
How does borage oil work to reduce inflammation in the body?
Borage seed oil works through its exceptionally high gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) content—the highest known source in any plant. GLA is an omega-6 fatty acid that the body converts into anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, specifically prostaglandin E1. These compounds help regulate inflammatory responses and support cell membrane function. GLA also modulates immune system pathways involved in chronic inflammation. Evidence for these mechanisms is rated Level C, based largely on laboratory and preliminary clinical research rather than large-scale trials.
Can I take borage oil with blood thinners like warfarin or aspirin?
Borage seed oil may interact with anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications, including warfarin, heparin, clopidogrel, and aspirin. GLA has mild blood-thinning properties that can increase bleeding risk when combined with these drugs. Patients taking prescription blood thinners should consult their healthcare provider before using borage supplements. Medical supervision and regular INR monitoring may be necessary if use is approved. This interaction is clinically significant and requires careful management.
What is the recommended daily dosage of borage seed oil for adults?
The standard adult dosage for borage seed oil is 1000-2000mg daily, taken in divided doses with meals to enhance absorption. This amount provides therapeutic levels of GLA for anti-inflammatory and adrenal support purposes. Fresh borage leaves and flowers may be consumed freely as a culinary herb in salads, soups, and beverages. For medicinal purposes, the standardized seed oil is preferred over whole herb preparations due to its concentrated GLA content and lower pyrrolizidine alkaloid levels.
Is borage safe to take during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
Borage herb is considered unsafe during pregnancy due to trace pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can cause liver toxicity and potential fetal harm. Despite its traditional reputation as a galactagogue for increasing breast milk, nursing mothers should exercise caution. Borage seed oil contains minimal PAs and may be safer than whole herb preparations, but medical supervision is essential. Pregnant women should avoid borage entirely, and breastfeeding women should consult a qualified healthcare provider before use.
What is borage herb used for in herbal medicine?
Borage has a long history in Mediterranean folk medicine for adrenal gland support, reducing inflammation, and promoting lactation as a galactagogue. The seed oil is prized as the richest natural source of GLA, making it valuable for inflammatory skin conditions, hormonal balance, and cardiovascular support. Traditional uses also include stress relief and adrenal exhaustion. Current evidence supporting these applications is rated Level C, indicating limited clinical trial data. More rigorous research is needed to confirm traditional uses.
Can borage cause liver damage or toxicity?
Yes, borage leaves and whole herb preparations contain trace amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), compounds associated with liver toxicity when consumed in excess over extended periods. Individuals with pre-existing liver disease should avoid borage herb products entirely. Borage seed oil typically contains minimal PAs and is considered safer for therapeutic use. Symptoms of PA toxicity may include abdominal discomfort, jaundice, and elevated liver enzymes. Moderate culinary use of fresh leaves is generally safe for healthy individuals, but concentrated extracts warrant caution.
Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 29 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Borago officinalis is an annual herb used traditionally for various treatments and commercially cultivated for its seed oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid [PMID:38426739, PMID:28716422].
Contexte
Borago officinalis L. is an annual herb of the Boraginaceae family [PMID:38426739]. It is utilized for culinary, pharmaceutical, and industrial purposes [PMID:34270074].
Usages traditionnels
Traditional medical practices use the herb for respiratory disorders, colds, influenza, diarrhea, cramps, inflammation, palpitation, hypertension, menopause, and post-menopausal symptoms [PMID:38426739]. Plant parts have also been used as a mild diuretic, expectorant, to induce sweating, and in mixtures to increase milk supply [PMID:30000849].
Composés actifs
Bioactive compounds include phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, and terpenes [PMID:38426739]. Borage seed oil contains high concentrations of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid [PMID:30000849, PMID:28716422]. Leaves contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and their N-oxides (PANO) [PMID:36924638].
Mécanisme d'action
Borage officinalis may attenuate UVB-induced skin photodamage by regulating the AP-1 and Nrf2/ARE pathway, downregulating MMP-1, MMP-3, and IL-6, and enhancing TGF-β1 [PMID:29499374]. Lipase-treated borage oil regulates the activity and degradation of tyrosinase in melanocytes [PMID:33128473].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve BMelasma
A double-blind, randomized clinical trial found that a cream containing 1% lipase-treated borage oil significantly decreased melasma on treated skin after 6 and 8 weeks [PMID:33128473].
Preuve BSevere COVID-19 (ICU)
A pilot randomized trial showed that Borage plus syrup (BPS) treatment significantly decreased Pao2/Fio2, serum ferritin, CRP, bilirubin, IL-6, TNF-α, ALT, AST, PCT, and serum IL-8 [PMID:36458163].
Preuve DStress-induced gastric ulcers (Rats)
Methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer parameters in a rat model [PMID:32984407].
Sécurité et effets indésirables
Borage plant parts contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are toxic to the liver and lungs and may be carcinogenic [PMID:30000849]. These alkaloids pose a food safety risk, leading the European Union to set maximum levels for PAs in borage [PMID:36924638]. A systematic review of case reports found no reports specifically involving borage, although concerns persist regarding unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids [PMID:32105669].
Grossesse et allaitement
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in borage plant parts might be excreted into breastmilk [PMID:30000849]. Supplementation of nursing mothers with borage seed oil increases breastmilk content of gamma-linolenic acid and dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid, but not arachidonic acid [PMID:30000849].
Synthèse des preuves
Evidence ranges from preclinical animal and in vitro studies (D) to small-scale randomized clinical trials (B). While some clinical benefits for skin and COVID-19 are reported, safety concerns regarding pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant parts are highlighted in reviews (C).
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 30000849 (2006) — Review of Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Medicines. · Advances in pharmacological sciences
2.PMID: 38426739 (2024) — Borago Officinalis L.: A Review Oon Extraction, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Activities. · Chemistry & biodiversity
3.PMID: 32984407 (2020) — Protective Effects of Borago officinalis (Borago) on Cold Restraint Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: A Pilot Study. · Frontiers in veterinary science
4.PMID: 36924638 (2023) — Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in borage (Borago officinalis): Comprehensive profiling and development of a validated LC-MS/MS method for quantification. · Talanta
5.PMID: 28716422 (2017) — Development of imidazolinone herbicide tolerant borage (Borago officinalis L.). · Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology
Sources gouvernementales
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
6.PMID: 32105669 (2020) — A systematic review and quality assessment of case reports of adverse events for borage (Borago officinalis), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and comfrey (Symphytum officinale). · Fitoterapia
7.PMID: 35883735 (2022) — Neuroprotective Profile of Edible Flowers of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Two Different Models: Caenorhabditis elegans and Neuro-2a Cells. · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
9.PMID: 34270074 (2021) — Haploid Plant Production in Borage (Borago officinalis L.) by Anther Culture. · Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
10.PMID: 35010142 (2021) — Evaluation of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) Genotypes for Nutraceutical Value Based on Leaves Fatty Acids Composition. · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
11.PMID: 36677923 (2023) — Phenolic Profile and Comparison of the Antioxidant, Anti-Ageing, Anti-Inflammatory, and Protective Activities of Borago officinalis Extracts on Skin Cells. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
12.PMID: 30704105 (2019) — Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Occurrence in Crop Plants. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
13.PMID: 36458163 (2022) — Effectiveness of Borage plus syrup on COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. · Frontiers in nutrition
14.PMID: 26797631 (2016) — Cancer Prevention and Health Benefices of Traditionally Consumed Borago officinalis Plants. · Nutrients
15.PMID: 29499374 (2018) — Borago officinalis L. attenuates UVB-induced skin photodamage via regulation of AP-1 and Nrf2/ARE pathway in normal human dermal fibroblasts and promotion of collagen synthesis in hairless mice. · Experimental gerontology