Calendula

Calendula promotes wound healing primarily through its triterpenoids and flavonoids, which increase fibroblast activity and collagen metabolism to accelerate tissue repair. Evidence (Level B) suggests these compounds enhance epithelialization and possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. This dual action helps reduce local inflammation while simultaneously stimulating the physical reconstruction of damaged skin tissue, making it effective for minor cuts, burns, and abrasions.

There are no well-documented severe drug interactions for topical Calendula (Evidence Level D). However, because internal use may cause drowsiness, it could theoretically potentiate the effects of central nervous system depressants and sedatives. Patients taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs should exercise caution with internal use due to potential, though unproven, bleeding risks. Always consult a physician before combining herbal supplements with prescription medications.

For topical use, apply a Calendula cream, ointment, or oil to the affected area 2 to 3 times daily (Traditional use). For internal use, the standard adult dosage is 1 to 2 cups of Calendula tea per day. If using a tincture, the typical dosage is 1-2 mL three times daily. Dosage may vary based on the specific formulation, so always follow manufacturer instructions.

Internal use of Calendula is considered unsafe during pregnancy due to potential emmenagogue effects, which could stimulate uterine contractions and induce menstruation (Evidence Level D/Traditional). While topical application is generally regarded as safer, pregnant women should consult a healthcare professional before use. There is insufficient reliable data regarding safety during breastfeeding, so internal use should be avoided to prevent potential risks to the infant.

Calendula is primarily used for wound healing and managing skin conditions such as eczema, acne, and diaper rash (Evidence Level B). Its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties make it effective for soothing irritated skin and preventing infection in minor cuts and burns. Traditionally, it has also been used to regulate menstruation and treat eye infections, though clinical evidence for these internal uses is less robust than for topical applications.