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Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is an aromatic plant rich in volatile compounds and antioxidants, notably eugenol, with diverse biological activities including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects [PMID:34770801, PMID:38163240].
Contexte
Clove is an aromatic plant native to Indonesia and cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions [PMID:25182278, PMID:34770801]. It is used as a culinary spice, food preservative, and in the cosmetic, health, and medical industries [PMID:34770801, PMID:38163240].
Usages traditionnels
Traditionally used for bowel and stomach disorders, cold and flu, oral hygiene, tooth decay, analgesic purposes, and inflammatory skin disorders [PMID:38474510, PMID:42272840].
Composés actifs
The primary active compound is eugenol (accounting for at least 50%), with other significant constituents including eugenyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, gallic acid, flavonoids, quercetin, and kaempferol [PMID:34770801, PMID:38163240, PMID:41163998].
Mécanisme d'action
Antimicrobial activity occurs via a hierarchical cascade starting with membrane perturbation, where lipophilic constituents like eugenol disorder the phospholipid bilayer, leading to loss of membrane potential and K+/ATP efflux [PMID:41163998]. Neuroprotective effects involve scavenging free radicals, modulating calcium channels, and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway [PMID:40149988]. In metabolic regulation, clove extracts increase glucose consumption by increasing phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and transcriptionally regulating SIRT1 and PGC1α [PMID:24999964].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve COral health (toothaches and gum discomfort)
Clove oil is a popular natural cure due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic qualities [PMID:38163240]
Preuve CMultidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria
In vitro activity and biofilm inhibition (up to 90%) against E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae [PMID:41163998]
Preuve DPsoriasis
Oral clove extract and eugenol significantly alleviated psoriasiform lesions and reduced epidermal thickness in mouse models by modulating the IL-36/IL-17A axis [PMID:42272840]
Preuve DUlcerative Colitis
Nanoencapsulated clove oil alleviated acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by influencing redox, NF-κB/iNOS, and Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathways [PMID:41055815]
Preuve DWound Infections (MRSA)
Clove bud oil alone or with imipenem healed wounds faster and reduced microbial load in rat models [PMID:36500645]
Preuve DPulmonary Aspergillosis
Sécurité et effets indésirables
Clove oil is listed as a less frequent sensitizing material in fragrance allergy patch testing [PMID:26253114]. While generally considered safe, there are limited and controversial studies regarding the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of eugenol [PMID:32454614].
Synthèse des preuves
The evidence is primarily based on review articles (Level C) and in vitro or animal model studies (Level D). There is strong preclinical evidence for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, but a lack of human clinical trial data in the provided set.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 34770801 (2021) — Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2.PMID: 32019140 (2020) — Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities. · Biomolecules
3.PMID: 25182278 (2014) — Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice. · Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine
4.PMID: 38163240 (2024) — Bioactive properties of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil nanoemulsion: A comprehensive review. · Heliyon
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Clove essential oil was evaluated for efficacy against Aspergillus fumigatus in immunosuppressed rabbits [PMID:41484391]
Preuve DDiabetes/Energy Metabolism
Clove extracts significantly increased glucose consumption in C2C12 myocytes [PMID:24999964]
— Anticancer Properties of Eugenol: A Review.
· Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
6.PMID: 37522096 (2023) — Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of essential oils derived from the flower buds or the leaves of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry (clove bud oil and clove leaf oils) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl). · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
7.PMID: 41163998 (2025) — Syzygium aromaticum (clove buds) as a natural antibacterial agent: a promising alternative to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. · Frontiers in microbiology
8.PMID: 32454614 (2017) — Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties of Eugenol. · Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences
9.PMID: 36748791 (2024) — Family Myrtaceae: The treasure hidden in the complex/diverse composition. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
10.PMID: 35810198 (2022) — The clove (Syzygium aromaticum) genome provides insights into the eugenol biosynthesis pathway. · Communications biology
11.PMID: 37040058 (2023) — The Effects of Clove and Its Constituents on Reproductive System: a Comprehensive Review. · Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)
12.PMID: 38474510 (2024) — Antimicrobial Activity of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil in Human Health Treatment. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
13.PMID: 40149988 (2025) — Neuroprotective Properties of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): State of the Art and Future Pharmaceutical Applications for Alzheimer's Disease. · Biomolecules
14.PMID: 37780095 (2023) — Bioactivity of the Ethanol Extract of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) as Antitoxin. · International journal of food science
15.PMID: 37273571 (2023) — Valorization of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) by-products as potential stored grain protectants. · Journal of food science and technology
16.PMID: 42141132 (2026) — Eugenol from Syzygium aromaticum enhances longevity and proteostasis in aged yeast. · Biogerontology
17.PMID: 33810416 (2021) — Molecular Basis of the Therapeutical Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and Clues to Its Anti-COVID-19 Utility. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
18.PMID: 42272840 (2026) — Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and its bioactive constituent eugenol alleviate psoriatic inflammation by modulating the IL-36/IL-17A axis: a proteomic and mechanistic study. · Frontiers in pharmacology
19.PMID: 37175851 (2023) — Multi-Targeting Neuroprotective Effects of Syzygium aromaticum Bud Extracts and Their Key Phytocompounds against Neurodegenerative Diseases. · International journal of molecular sciences
20.PMID: 26253114 (2015) — [Diagnostic workup of fragrance allergy]. · Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete
21.PMID: 36135571 (2022) — Antimicrobial Fibrous Bandage-like Scaffolds Using Clove Bud Oil. · Journal of functional biomaterials
22.PMID: 41484391 (2026) — Pathologic evaluation of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil against pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic immunosuppressed rabbits. · Scientific reports
23.PMID: 24999964 (2014) — Syzygium aromaticum L. (Clove) extract regulates energy metabolism in myocytes. · Journal of medicinal food
24.PMID: 41055815 (2025) — Nanoencapsulated Syzygium aromaticum oil alleviates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by influencing critical redox, NF-κB/iNOS, and Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. · Inflammopharmacology
25.PMID: 35907084 (2022) — Activity of Essential Oils Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enteritidis. · Current microbiology
26.PMID: 32020877 (2020) — In vitro anticandidal potency of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extracts against vaginal candidiasis. · BMC complementary medicine and therapies
27.PMID: 36500645 (2022) — Antibacterial Activity of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Bud Oil and Its Interaction with Imipenem in Controlling Wound Infections in Rats Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)