Eugenia caryophyllata (Eugenia caryophyllata): Benefits, Dosage, Safety & Evidence

Questions fréquentes

How does Eugenia caryophyllata relieve tooth pain?

Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) contains eugenol, its primary active compound, which provides analgesic effects through multiple mechanisms. Eugenol acts as a local anesthetic by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells, reducing pain signal transmission. Additionally, it possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that may help address the underlying infection causing dental pain. The evidence for these mechanisms is rated Level C, based primarily on laboratory and animal studies rather than large-scale human clinical trials.

Can I take Eugenia caryophyllata with blood thinners?

No, Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) should not be taken with blood-thinning medications without medical supervision. The active compound eugenol has mild anticoagulant properties that may enhance the effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs such as warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel. This interaction could increase the risk of bleeding complications. Patients on blood thinners should consult their healthcare provider before using clove supplements, clove oil, or concentrated clove products. Dietary amounts in food are generally considered safe.

What is the recommended dosage of Eugenia caryophyllata tea?

The standard adult dosage for Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) tea is approximately 0.5 grams of dried cloves per cup, taken up to three times daily for digestive support. For dental pain, clove oil is typically applied topically using a cotton swab directly to the affected tooth or gum area. Internal use of undiluted clove oil is not recommended due to potential toxicity. Dosage recommendations are based on traditional use (Evidence Level C), as standardized clinical trials establishing optimal doses are limited.

Is Eugenia caryophyllata safe during pregnancy?

Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) is considered unsafe during pregnancy and should be avoided in medicinal amounts. The active compound eugenol may stimulate uterine contractions and potentially affect fetal development. While small amounts of clove used as a culinary spice in food are unlikely to cause harm, concentrated supplements, clove oil, and therapeutic doses should not be used by pregnant women. Breastfeeding women should also exercise caution and consult a healthcare provider before using clove products medicinally.

What are the medicinal uses of Eugenia caryophyllata?

Eugenia caryophyllata, commonly known as clove, has several traditional medicinal applications. Its primary use is for dental analgesia, providing temporary relief from toothache when applied topically. It also serves as a digestive tonic, helping to relieve bloating, gas, and nausea when taken as a tea. Additionally, clove demonstrates antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi, making it useful for minor infections. These uses are supported by Evidence Level C, indicating traditional use and preliminary research rather than definitive clinical evidence.

What are the side effects of Eugenia caryophyllata?

Common side effects of Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) primarily involve gastrointestinal irritation, including stomach upset, nausea, and heartburn, particularly when taken internally in therapeutic doses. Topical application of clove oil may cause skin irritation, redness, or contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. In rare cases, allergic reactions can occur. Internal use of undiluted clove oil can cause more serious effects including liver damage or respiratory distress. Side effects are generally dose-dependent, and proper dilution and dosage should always be followed.

Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed

Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.

Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b

Résumé

Eugenia caryophyllata, commonly known as clove, is a medicinal plant whose buds and leaves provide essential oils with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties [PMID:32454614, PMID:17380552].

Contexte

Eugenia caryophyllata (also referred to as Syzygium aromaticum) is an evergreen tree in the Myrtaceae family, primarily utilized for its dried flower buds [PMID:37040058, PMID:17380552].

Usages traditionnels

In traditional Chinese medicine, it is considered warm in nature and pungent in flavor, used to warm the middle to descend counterflow, dispel cold to alleviate pain, and warm the kidney to assist yang [PMID:42314810]. It is also used in Iranian folk medicine as an antiepileptic remedy [PMID:10197752] and traditionally in Asia for the treatment of various diseases [PMID:36892132].

Composés actifs

The main constituents of the essential oil are phenylpropanoids, specifically eugenol (the major component), carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde [PMID:17380552, PMID:36892132]. Other identified compounds include sesquiterpenes (beta-caryophyllene, beta-caryophyllene oxide, alpha-humulene, alpha-humulene epoxide I) [PMID:1402962], neolignans, naphthoquinone-monoterpene adducts [PMID:38685512], and tannins such as tellimagrandin [PMID:11345703].

Mécanisme d'action

Eugenol and clove essential oil exhibit antimicrobial activity by inhibiting Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and yeast [PMID:24031950]. In animal models of corneal pain, its analgesic effects were prevented by naloxone or atropine, suggesting involvement of opioid and muscarinic receptors [PMID:27651809]. Some sesquiterpenes act as inducers of the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase in the mouse liver and small intestine [PMID:1402962].

Preuves cliniques

Preuve DOral and Bacterial Infections

Clove essential oil inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa) and yeast [PMID:24031950]; it also inhibits S. pneumoniae growth and biofilms [PMID:23594212] and MDR S. enteritidis [PMID:35907084].

Preuve DPain and Anesthesia

Used as a local antiseptic and anesthetic in medicine [PMID:32454614]; systemic administration in rats produced significant antinociceptive effects in acute corneal pain [PMID:27651809]; reduced pain response in formalin tests in mice [PMID:22453493].

Preuve DInflammation

Clove essential oil (0.011%) inhibited proinflammatory biomarkers such as VCAM-1 and interferon gamma in human dermal fibroblasts [PMID:28407719].

Preuve DSeizures

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts significantly extended the latency to seizures in PTZ-induced mouse models [PMID:23257144]; essential oil exhibited anticonvulsant activity against MES-induced tonic seizures [PMID:10197752].

Preuve DDepression

Intraperitoneal administration in animal models significantly decreased immobility duration in forced swim and tail suspension tests [PMID:23462195].

Sécurité et effets indésirables

While generally considered safe, there are concerns regarding toxicity; studies on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are limited and controversial [PMID:32454614]. One study using clove infusion in bacterial assays observed high cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage in the CC104 mutMmutY strain [PMID:18306091].

Synthèse des preuves

The current evidence is primarily based on in vitro studies and animal models (Level D), demonstrating broad antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory potential, though human clinical trial data is lacking in the provided set.

Sources PubMed

1.PMID: 32454614 (2017) — Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties of Eugenol. · Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences
2.PMID: 24031950 (2012) — Microbicide activity of clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata). · Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
3.PMID: 38685512 (2024) — Anti-inflammatory naphthoquinone-monoterpene adducts and neolignans from Eugenia caryophyllata. · Fitoterapia
4.PMID: 17380552 (2007) — The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. · Phytotherapy research : PTR
5.PMID: 37040058 (2023) — The Effects of Clove and Its Constituents on Reproductive System: a Comprehensive Review.

Eugenia caryophyllata

Sources et citations

Calculer une dose sûre de Eugenia caryophyllata

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Questions fréquentes

Résumé

Contexte

Usages traditionnels

Composés actifs

Mécanisme d'action

Preuves cliniques

Sécurité et effets indésirables

Synthèse des preuves

Sources PubMed

Sources gouvernementales

Eugenia caryophyllata

Sources et citations

Calculer une dose sûre de Eugenia caryophyllata

Plantes associées

Taraxacum mongolicum

Pastinaca sativa

Exacum affine

Questions fréquentes

Résumé

Contexte

Usages traditionnels

Composés actifs

Mécanisme d'action

Preuves cliniques

Sécurité et effets indésirables

Synthèse des preuves

Sources PubMed

Sources gouvernementales