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Ce produit n'est pas destiné à diagnostiquer, traiter, guérir ou prévenir toute maladie. Ces déclarations n'ont pas été évaluées par la Food and Drug Administration.
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Ces informations sont fournies à titre éducatif uniquement et ne remplacent pas un avis médical professionnel, un diagnostic ou un traitement. Consultez toujours votre professionnel de santé avant d'utiliser des plantes, surtout si vous êtes enceinte, allaitez, prenez des médicaments ou avez une condition médicale.
Mentha pulegium
Mint-family herb used in European and Native American traditions for digestive conditions and insect repellent - toxic in high doses.
Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is a Lamiaceae herb traditionally used in European and Native American medicine as an insect repellent, carminative, and emmenagogue. Its primary active compound, pulegone, is a potent hepatotoxin and abortifacient, limiting its safe use to very small doses (1-2 g dried herb) and contraindicating it in pregnancy, liver disease, and children. Modern evidence (Level C) supports its historical uses but emphasizes severe toxicity risks, including liver failure and death, at higher doses.
Pulegone, the major monoterpene in pennyroyal, is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP2E1, CYP1A2) to reactive intermediates (e.g., menthofuran) that deplete glutathione and form covalent adducts with hepatic proteins, leading to centrilobular necrosis. The compound also acts as a potent GABA-A receptor antagonist, contributing to neurotoxicity and seizure activity. Additionally, pulegone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and stimulates uterine contractions via direct myometrial effects, explaining its traditional emmenagogue and abortifacient use. Menthol and isomenthone provide mild carminative and spasmolytic effects through transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulation.
Mint-family herb used in European and Native American traditions for digestive conditions and insect repellent - toxic in high doses.
Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is a Lamiaceae herb traditionally used in European and Native American medicine as an insect repellent, carminative, and emmenagogue. Its primary active compound, pulegone, is a potent hepatotoxin and abortifacient, limiting its safe use to very small doses (1-2 g dried herb) and contraindicating it in pregnancy, liver disease, and children. Modern evidence (Level C) supports its historical uses but emphasizes severe toxicity risks, including liver failure and death, at higher doses.
Pulegone, the major monoterpene in pennyroyal, is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP2E1, CYP1A2) to reactive intermediates (e.g., menthofuran) that deplete glutathione and form covalent adducts with hepatic proteins, leading to centrilobular necrosis. The compound also acts as a potent GABA-A receptor antagonist, contributing to neurotoxicity and seizure activity. Additionally, pulegone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and stimulates uterine contractions via direct myometrial effects, explaining its traditional emmenagogue and abortifacient use. Menthol and isomenthone provide mild carminative and spasmolytic effects through transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulation.