Melissa officinalis subsp. altissima

Melissa altissima contains several bioactive compounds including rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and linalool that modulate GABA receptors in the brain. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its activation produces calming effects. The citral and luteolins contribute additional anxiolytic activity. This mechanism is similar to common lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), though Melissa altissima may have higher concentrations of these compounds due to its larger plant structure. Evidence level: C.

Melissa altissima may interact with sedative medications including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and sleep aids, potentially enhancing their effects and causing excessive drowsiness. Due to its thyroid-suppressing properties, it may interfere with thyroid hormone replacement medications like levothyroxine. It may also potentiate the effects of other sedative herbs such as valerian, kava, or St. John's wort. Consult a healthcare provider before combining with any prescription medications. Evidence level: C.

The traditional adult dosage for Melissa altissima tea is 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb per cup of hot water, taken up to three times daily. Steep for 5-10 minutes before straining. For anxiety and insomnia, an evening dose may be most beneficial due to its sedative properties. Start with the lower dose to assess individual response. This subspecies is larger than common lemon balm, so dosage adjustments may be needed. Evidence level: Traditional/C.

Melissa altissima is considered unsafe during pregnancy, particularly at higher doses. The herb contains compounds that may stimulate uterine contractions, and its thyroid-suppressing effects could potentially affect fetal development. Pregnant women should avoid this herb entirely. Breastfeeding women should also exercise caution as insufficient safety data exists. Women with hypothyroidism should avoid Melissa altissima due to its potential to further suppress thyroid function. Evidence level: C.

Melissa altissima, a tall Mediterranean subspecies of lemon balm, is traditionally used for anxiety relief, insomnia, and digestive support in Southern European folk medicine. The herb's calming properties make it useful for nervous tension and stress-related digestive complaints. Its active compounds, including rosmarinic acid and citral, contribute to both sedative and carminative effects. While similar to common lemon balm, this subspecies may offer more concentrated therapeutic benefits. Evidence level: C.