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Ze Xie (Alisma plantago-aquatica) contains active triterpenes called alisols, primarily alisol A and alisol B, which promote diuresis through multiple pathways. Research suggests these compounds increase renal blood flow and inhibit renal tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ze Xie is classified as draining dampness, correlating with its observed diuretic effects. Evidence level: C (preclinical and traditional use data support this mechanism).
Does Ze Xie interact with diuretic medications?
Ze Xie has natural diuretic properties and may potentiate the effects of pharmaceutical diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, or spironolactone. This combination could lead to excessive fluid loss, electrolyte imbalances, or hypotension. Patients taking lithium should use caution, as increased urination may affect lithium clearance and blood levels. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before combining Ze Xie with prescription medications. Evidence level: C (theoretical based on pharmacological activity).
What is the recommended dosage for Ze Xie?
The typical adult dosage of Ze Xie is 6–15 grams of dried rhizome prepared as a decoction, taken once or twice daily. Standardized extracts are commonly dosed at approximately 500 mg taken twice daily. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ze Xie is frequently combined with other herbs in classical formulas such as Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, where proportions vary. Dosage should be adjusted based on individual condition and guidance from a qualified practitioner. Evidence level: C (traditional use and clinical practice standards).
Is Ze Xie safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
Ze Xie is contraindicated during pregnancy and should be avoided. Traditional Chinese Medicine classifies this herb as draining and strongly diuretic, which may compromise fluid balance essential for fetal development. There is insufficient safety data for use during breastfeeding, so avoidance is recommended. Women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing should consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any herbal preparations containing Ze Xie. Evidence level: Traditional/Expert consensus.
What is Ze Xie used for in Traditional Chinese Medicine?
Ze Xie is primarily used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to drain dampness and promote urination. It is indicated for conditions involving damp-heat, including urinary difficulty, edema, and certain kidney disorders. Ze Xie is a key ingredient in classical formulas such as Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, commonly prescribed for kidney yin deficiency patterns. It may also address water retention, cloudy urination, or dizziness attributed to dampness accumulation. Evidence level: C (traditional use supported by limited clinical data).
Fiche d'information compilée à partir de PubMed
Cette fiche a été compilée à partir de résumés PubMed (NIH) avec l'assistance d'une IA. Chaque affirmation factuelle est citée par un article PubMed réel (voir la liste des sources). Elle n'a pas encore été révisée par un humain — confirmez auprès d'un professionnel de santé avant utilisation.
Compilé à partir de 30 articles PubMed · modèle : gemma4:31b
Résumé
Ze Xie, derived from Alisma plantago-aquatica, is a traditional medicinal herb used primarily for water metabolism-related diseases and metabolic disorders [PMID:32426329, PMID:41424795].
Contexte
Alisma plantago-aquatica (common water plantain) is an aquatic plant in the Alismataceae family [PMID:32426329, PMID:40454262]. The dried rhizome or tubers are used as the medicinal material known as Ze Xie in Chinese medicine [PMID:32426329, PMID:29159429].
Usages traditionnels
It has been used traditionally to treat dysuria, edema, nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, bacterial infections, oliguria, diarrhea, and dizziness [PMID:34371964, PMID:28662316].
Composés actifs
The primary secondary metabolites are triterpenoids (specifically protostane-type triterpenoids called alisols, such as alisol A, B, F, and alisol A 24-acetate) [PMID:32426329, PMID:31271908, PMID:28662316]. Other identified compounds include sesquiterpenoids (guaiane-type), diterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, phenolic acids (e.g., plantain A), and polysaccharides composed of arabinose and galactose [PMID:29159429, PMID:38768795, PMID:41617288, PMID:40480565].
Mécanisme d'action
Mechanisms include the suppression of the Kupffer cell-derived SPHK1/S1P axis to protect against NASH-associated fibrosis [PMID:40992063], inhibition of PCSK9 to promote LDL uptake in HepG2 cells [PMID:35914360], and modulation of the liver antioxidant system and gut microbiota to treat acetaminophen-induced liver injury [PMID:39631232]. Some compounds exhibit xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity [PMID:37548471] and lipase inhibition via binding to active and allosteric sites [PMID:39168221].
Preuves cliniques
Preuve AGlucose and lipid metabolism disorders
AR extracts can improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postprandial glucose (2hPG) in rodent models [PMID:40825387]
Preuve DAcetaminophen-induced acute liver injury
Alismatis rhizoma polysaccharides (ARP50 and ARP70) exerted dose-dependent therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects in mice [PMID:39631232]
Preuve DNASH-associated fibrosis
Alisol A 24-acetate protects against fibrosis in a murine model by suppressing the SPHK1/S1P axis [PMID:40992063]
Preuve DChronic prostatitis
Isolated phenolic acids (plantain A) significantly decreased cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, PEG2, and TGF-β1) in model rats [PMID:29159429]
Sécurité et effets indésirables
Previous toxicological evaluations indicate that Rhizoma Alismatis extracts are relatively safe [PMID:28662316].
Synthèse des preuves
The evidence is primarily based on preclinical rodent models, in vitro assays, and phytochemical reviews. There is one systematic review/meta-analysis supporting its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents, but no human clinical trial data was provided in the abstracts.
Sources PubMed
1.PMID: 36301426 (2022) — Flowering Biology of Alisma plantago-aquatica (Alismataceae). · Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections
2.PMID: 32426329 (2020) — Triterpenoids From Alisma Species: Phytochemistry, Structure Modification, and Bioactivities. · Frontiers in chemistry
3.PMID: 38205915 (2024) — Two Undescribed Protostane Triterpenoids from the Rhizome of Alisma plantago-aquatica. · Chemistry & biodiversity
4.PMID: 29159429 (2017) — Phenolic constituents from Alisma plantago-aquatica Linnaeus and their anti-chronic prostatitis activity. · Chemistry Central journal
5.PMID: 40992063 (2025) — Alisol A 24-acetate protects against NASH-associated fibrosis via suppression of Kupffer cell-derived SPHK1/S1P axis.
Sources gouvernementales
Aucune monographie gouvernementale directe n'est disponible pour cette plante. Le contenu ci-dessous est généré par IA et n'a pas été vérifié par rapport à une source gouvernementale faisant autorité. Utilisez les liens de recherche pour consulter les sources officielles avant de vous fier à ces informations.
· Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
6.PMID: 41848548 (2026) — Protostane triterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma plantago-aquatica. · Journal of Asian natural products research
7.PMID: 35914360 (2022) — Novel triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica with influence on LDL uptake in HepG2 cells by inhibiting PCSK9. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
8.PMID: 38768795 (2024) — Four pairs of new enantiomeric guaiane sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica. · Fitoterapia
9.PMID: 38286848 (2024) — Megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Hydrocleys nymphoides, Alisma plantago-aquatica, and Sagittaria montevidensis (Alismataceae). · Protoplasma
10.PMID: 37548471 (2023) — New Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpene and Norsesquiterpene from Alisma plantago-aquatica and Their Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity. · Chemistry & biodiversity
11.PMID: 40454262 (2025) — The genome sequence of the common water plantain, Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Alismataceae). · Wellcome open research
12.PMID: 41617288 (2026) — Structural elucidation of active arabinogalactans from Alisma plantago-aquatica and its protection against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. · Carbohydrate polymers
13.PMID: 39233910 (2024) — Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of plastid genomes of the medicinally important genus Alisma (Alismataceae). · Frontiers in plant science
14.PMID: 31384540 (2019) — Novel C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica with anti-inflammatory activity in Caco-2 cells. · Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B
15.PMID: 38496269 (2024) — Elucidating the anti-hypertensive mechanisms of Uncaria rhynchophylla-Alisma plantago-aquatica L: an integrated network pharmacology, cluster analysis, and molecular docking approach. · Frontiers in chemistry
16.PMID: 34371964 (2021) — Promising Anticancer Activities of Alismatis rhizome and Its Triterpenes via p38 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways. · Nutrients
17.PMID: 28662316 (2017) — Therapeutic potential of Rhizoma Alismatis: a review on ethnomedicinal application, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
18.PMID: 30427740 (2019) — A new protostane-type triterpenoid from Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale (Sam.) Sam. · Natural product research
19.PMID: 31271908 (2019) — Pharmacokinetic study of six triterpenoids of raw and processed Alisma plantago-aquatica in rat plasma by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. · Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences
20.PMID: 40619717 (2025) — First Report of Leaf Spotting Disease Caused by Plectosphaerella alismatis of Alisma (Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn.) in China. · Plant disease
21.PMID: 40480565 (2025) — Structural characteristics and biological activities of six polysaccharides purified from the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica. · International journal of biological macromolecules
22.PMID: 29183156 (2019) — A bioactive new protostane-type triterpenoid from Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale (Sam.) Sam. · Natural product research
23.PMID: 40825387 (2025) — Effects and potential mechanisms of Alismatis Rhizoma extracts on glucose and lipid metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent studies. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
24.PMID: 37851188 (2023) — Sinomonas cellulolyticus sp. nov., isolated from Loktak lake. · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
25.PMID: 28954548 (2018) — Chemical constituents from Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale (Sam.) Sam and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. · Natural product research
26.PMID: 37591090 (2023) — Translocation of TiO2 nanoparticles enhances phosphorus uptake by wetland plants: Evidence from Pistia stratiotes and Alisma plantago-aquatica. · Journal of environmental management
27.PMID: 39397903 (2024) — Plant Microbial Fuel Cells in a botanical perspective: Nomenclatural constraints and new insights on plant traits potentially affecting bioelectrical perfomance. · Heliyon
28.PMID: 39631232 (2025) — Alisma plantago-aquatica polysaccharides ameliorate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by regulating hepatic metabolic profiles and modulating gut microbiota. · International journal of biological macromolecules
29.PMID: 41424795 (2025) — Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and processing of Rhizoma alismatis: a review. · Frontiers in pharmacology
30.PMID: 39168221 (2024) — Alisol C 23-acetate might be a lead compound of potential lipase inhibitor from Alismatis Rhizoma: Screening, identification and molecular dynamics simulation. · International journal of biological macromolecules